Oral Defense free essay sample

Toward the evening, the advocates Pictures in Motion will confront the specialists. Before the opportunity has arrived, the defenders go to the college right on time for readiness. They went to the canvas printing look for their 3† by 3† covering. The advocates have six hours left so they check for their capacity point introduction. The inclination that can’t clarify whether it is anxiety, appetite or simply nothing, is in the advocates. Remaining inside the reproduction room, close to the gathering room where the advocates will protect the venture achievability study, is a major weight. Everytime there is a gathering inside the meeting room guarding their investigation and numerous blunders are seen and those mistakes are additionally in our examination, we generally need to transform it. In any case, how? The papers are inside the gathering room. Two hours left, still there is the inclination that can’t clarify. The advocates chose to have their hair style (trusting that we will be quiet). We will compose a custom article test on Oral Defense or on the other hand any comparative subject explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page While inside the salon, we are trusting that we won't be destroyed or atleast our investigation will be possible enough according to the specialists particularly Dean Yu who is exacting with regards to money related viewpoint (the most significant part for the advocates). The opportunity has arrived. We will guard our proposed business, Pictures in Motion, a portable photography studio. Everybody of the defenders is apprehensive. We initially talked about what is on our PowerPoint introduction and after that is the issue and answer partition infront of the specialists. The defenders truly welcome the proposals and remarks of the specialists. The sentiments that can’t be clarified are currently being clarified. The sentiments of bliss are communicated in the proponents’ faces. The advocates will reconsidered the examination dependent on the recommendations and remarks of the specialists. After the inquiry and answer, we understood the blunders that we made in our examination. It’s like the torn is disposed of. The bliss that this possibility study is over is currently can be felt. It resembles opportunity that we can concentrate on our significant subjects.

The Fire Inside Me Essay Example for Free

The Fire Inside Me Essay A flash has been lit within me. It has gotten appended to my body, making a fire that will before long expend me. There are things I do truly desire for myself, and this fire is there therefore. The fire constrains me to accomplish the entirety of my objectives. The fire lit as all fires startâ€the smallest sparkle. I could tell from the â€Å"pinch-like† torment that the flash landed right over my littler digestive system, directly in the â€Å"pit of my stomach. † With every objective I set for myself, the fire becomes more grounded, more blazing, and more brilliant than any time in recent memory. I need to attend a university, and with that pondered internally, I can feel the fire develop within me. The black out smell of smoke that would cause one to think back a youth open air fire shows up in my noses. My skin becomes marginally hotter, and my once cool, wet, moist palms have unexpectedly gotten cool and dry. I need to be valedictorian, and in under a moment, I can feel the little fire become bigger, encompassing my stomach, liver, nerve bladder, and spleen. The fire has developed to the size where one could see a variety of hues: orange, red, yellow, and the faintest blue-tinge situated in the focal point of the fire. I need to win states for soccer; quickly the fire increments in size once more, this tedious my lungs, muscles, and bones; it assumes responsibility for my digestion tracts, throat and kidneys. With each breathe out I set forth, I feel dim dark smoke ascend through my trachea and gradually trickle out of my noses, leaving just the smell of smoke, and seeing dark fume wisping before my eyes. My eyes that were once blue have gradually started to turn red, as though to show others of the fire that devours meâ€the fire that drives me. The flame’s ringlets whip around my heart and cerebrum, sufficiently close to cook my two-most-essential organs. With each bit of food I eat, the flavor of charcoal ascents to my lips and tongue, giving me no greater satisfaction in either eating or drinking. I have become for all time got dried out in light of the fact that all that I drink before long goes to fume because of the warmth. Never again am I cold, or even warm, however am presently hot to the touch. I will be effective, and with this objective, the fire totally wraps me. The warmth in my body could raise the temperature of the Arctic Circle by a couple of degrees. I would now be able to hear the sound of my organs sizzling, snapping, and flying in the exceptional warmth. The fire is presently shown in splendid shades of blue, light and dim, purple, a dynamic yellow, a staggering red, and a brilliant orange. Seeing my fire would be sufficient to humiliate any dawn or dusk. With each breath I take, the air is promptly lost, utilized rather to fuel the fire. The fire that currently devours me has become a piece of me. It lives inside me and powers my considerations to be focused. The fire no longer causes torment for me, as I have come to acknowledge my fire, my energy and drive. Before long, with me gradually achieving my objectives individually, it despite everything pushes me ahead. It causes it with the goal that I to can push past any hindrance before me. The fire permits me to see that I will be effective and that I will accomplish all my life’s objectives. I once in a while can't resist thinking about whether Albert Einstein, Abraham Lincoln, or some other extraordinary history-creator had their very own fire a lot of like this. I comprehend that the fire will one day reduce. It will by and by lose authority over my body, abandoning just dark shaded organs, the minor smell of smoke, and the slight taste of charcoal. Before long, the fire will turn out to be just a sparkle by and by leaving the rest of my fire to scatter in the last smoke fume to leave my consumed nostrils. Be that as it may, for the present, the fire despite everything fills me. Until further notice, on the off chance that one would look carefully enough, past the consumed hair, the darkened organs, and the throbbing red eyes, they would in any case have the option to see that minuscule sparkle.

Classes Fall 04

Classes Fall 04 In numerical order, this term, I am taking: 4.614; 7.012; 14.02; 14.30; 21A.453 In alphabetical order, this term, I am taking: Anthropology of Middle East Biology Principles of Macroeconomics Religious Architecture and Islamic Cultures Statistical Methods in Economics Can you match up the class with the number? (Hint: there are two 14s and two econ classes. Im a genius, I know.) Okay, here go some descriptions: (Note: Professors names will go to websites about them, not their email addresses!) 7.012 introductory biology professors: Eric Lander Robert Weinberg format: 3 one-hour lectures and 2 one-hour recitations fun facts: Eric Lander “has been one of the principal leaders of the Human Genome Project” and in 2003 “has been named Scientist of the Year by the National Disease Research Interchange in recognition of his leadership in the field of genomic research and development.” For more info, read this article Robert Weinberg “discovered the first human oncogene and the first tumor suppressor gene.” He is one of the founding members of the Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research. memorable moments in class: After discussing lactase and lactose, etc., Professor Weinberg concluded his discussion by saying, “Im married to a lactose-intolerant person. Shes otherwise very nice.” Professor Lander explained how Mendel (a monk) did much of his inheritance research on peas, and then asked the class why Thomas Hunt Morgan, at Columbia University, used fruit flies instead. People shouted out things like, “They reproduce quickly!” “They reproduce slowly!” “They have fewer chromosomes!” “They have more chromosomes!” Lander told us we were all wrong, and then asked us to consider, “Where the hell are you going to grow peas in Manhattan?” A quotation from my Biological Science textbook: “The Sexual Selection Hypothesis: Giraffes have an unusual social system. Breeding occurs year round rather than seasonally. To determine when females are coming into estrus (or heat) and are thus receptive to mating, the males perform an unusual behavior. They nuzzle the rumps of females. In response, the females urinate into the males mouths. The males then tip their heads back and pull their lips to and fro, as if tasting the liquid.” Yes, folks. This is what you learn at MIT. 14.02 Principles of Macroeconomics professor: Ricardo Caballero format: 2 one-hour lectures, 1 one-hour recitation fun fact: Professor Caballero received “The 2002 Frisch Medal of the Econometric Society.” This summary of his work will probably impress you more than the title of the award, not to mention confuse the hell out of you. memorable moment: Ha Yan Lee, my recitation instructor, was going over the equation for total demand (of goods and services): Z = I + C + G, where I is investment, C is consumer consumption, and G is government expenditure. She described it this way: “Its broken up into three groups, just like high school. You have the cool group, the regular group, and the losers.” Hrm, you can pick which one is which for yourself. 21A.453 Anthropology of the Middle East professor: Susan Slyomovics format: 2 one-and-a-half hour discussions (hybrid of lecture and recitation, since there are only 3 students in the class :P ) fun facts: Professor Slyomovics is the “winner of the 1999 Albert Hourani Book Award given by the Middle East Studies Association, and the 1999 Chicago Folklore Prize.” Also, shes “chair of the Massachusetts Institute of Technologys innovative program in the Study of Women in the Developing World.” Her participation in the Fulbright Scholar Program is summarized here. (Mitra note: I knew Professor Slyomovics was really talented, but I had no idea she was so highly decorated. This is crazy; for three hours a week, I sit at a conference table with her and two other students, and we talk about articles, books, movies, and our own experiences with the Middle East. Little did I know.) memorable moment: We were talking about the contrast between traditional and canonical literature in particular, 3 categories: the elite/academic, the popular/mainstream, and folklore and how some things (opera, jazz) have moved from the “bottom” up to the “top.” Professor Slyomovics told us that jokes/riddles fit in the bottom category, and in fact one of her professors wrote a paper on the history of light bulb jokes, and how their changes over the years can track societys patterns in racism (!). Then we talked about how fashion is another example of appropriation, and how distressed jeans are really trendy now. THEN we learned how there is a huge fake antique industry in Egypt (where she used to live), and in order to make the non-antiques appear ancient, merchants feed them to turkeys, whose digestive acids eat away at the paint to make the dolls look “distressed” !! Is this not the best class ever? So we went from picture 1 to picture 2 to picture 3, all in 5 minutes of anthropological discussion :P 14.30 Statistical Methods in Economics professor: Herman Bennett format: 2 one-and-a-half hour lectures and one one-hour recitation fun fact: On the first day of class, we went over basic probability definitions, and one note was the difference between permutations (order matters) and combinations (order does not matter). One notable example: the Athena usernames (and email addresses) of my professor and recitation instructor are permutations of each other memorable moment: Here are two sample problems from practice exam 1: (And no, none of the real exam questions was this easy. I wish) 3. (Divas Live) VH1 is planning yet another Divas Live concert and they want to select three of their ten invited divas to perform Bawitdaba with Kid Rock a) In how many ways can the trio be chosen if the three divas perform at different times during the song? For the rest of question 3, assume the divas perform the same part at the same time. In how many ways can the trio be chosen? b) Brandy and Monica are still fighting over whose boy it really is and refuse to perform together. In how many ways can the trio be chosen? c) Celine Dion and Shania Twain decide to form a Canadian coalition and insist on either both performing or neither performing. In how many ways can the trio be chosen? I know, Im really scraping the bottom of the barrel with these pictures. Must. fix. camera 5. Youre at a wild party playing spin the bottle with an infinite number of people of whatever gender you favor. The people are indexed by a real number in the interval 0 = x = 1. The more attractive a person is, the higher his or her number. The non-standard game goes as follows: Flip a fair coin (coin #1). If it shows heads, spin a pointer whose probability of stopping in any interval is proportional to the size of the interval, and whose perimeter is marked with a uniform scale from 0 to 1. You get to kiss the person to whose number the pointer points. If, on the other hand, coin #1 shows tails, dont spin the pointer; instead, flip a coin again (coin #2). If coin #2 shows heads, you get to kiss the best-looking person (person with index 1). If coin #2 shows tails, you kiss the ugliest person (person 0). Let the random variable X be the index of the person that you end up kissing. a) What is the CDF of X? Be careful to specify the function completely. b) What is the probability that the person you kiss has an index exceeding 3/4? c) What is the probability that the person you kiss has an index equal to 1? Oh, those dirty economists. Gasp! I have to go, mid-post, but I will post architecture as soon as possible! happy reading =)

Classes Fall 04

Classes Fall 04 In numerical order, this term, I am taking: 4.614; 7.012; 14.02; 14.30; 21A.453 In alphabetical order, this term, I am taking: Anthropology of Middle East Biology Principles of Macroeconomics Religious Architecture and Islamic Cultures Statistical Methods in Economics Can you match up the class with the number? (Hint: there are two 14s and two econ classes. Im a genius, I know.) Okay, here go some descriptions: (Note: Professors names will go to websites about them, not their email addresses!) 7.012 introductory biology professors: Eric Lander Robert Weinberg format: 3 one-hour lectures and 2 one-hour recitations fun facts: Eric Lander “has been one of the principal leaders of the Human Genome Project” and in 2003 “has been named Scientist of the Year by the National Disease Research Interchange in recognition of his leadership in the field of genomic research and development.” For more info, read this article Robert Weinberg “discovered the first human oncogene and the first tumor suppressor gene.” He is one of the founding members of the Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research. memorable moments in class: After discussing lactase and lactose, etc., Professor Weinberg concluded his discussion by saying, “Im married to a lactose-intolerant person. Shes otherwise very nice.” Professor Lander explained how Mendel (a monk) did much of his inheritance research on peas, and then asked the class why Thomas Hunt Morgan, at Columbia University, used fruit flies instead. People shouted out things like, “They reproduce quickly!” “They reproduce slowly!” “They have fewer chromosomes!” “They have more chromosomes!” Lander told us we were all wrong, and then asked us to consider, “Where the hell are you going to grow peas in Manhattan?” A quotation from my Biological Science textbook: “The Sexual Selection Hypothesis: Giraffes have an unusual social system. Breeding occurs year round rather than seasonally. To determine when females are coming into estrus (or heat) and are thus receptive to mating, the males perform an unusual behavior. They nuzzle the rumps of females. In response, the females urinate into the males mouths. The males then tip their heads back and pull their lips to and fro, as if tasting the liquid.” Yes, folks. This is what you learn at MIT. 14.02 Principles of Macroeconomics professor: Ricardo Caballero format: 2 one-hour lectures, 1 one-hour recitation fun fact: Professor Caballero received “The 2002 Frisch Medal of the Econometric Society.” This summary of his work will probably impress you more than the title of the award, not to mention confuse the hell out of you. memorable moment: Ha Yan Lee, my recitation instructor, was going over the equation for total demand (of goods and services): Z = I + C + G, where I is investment, C is consumer consumption, and G is government expenditure. She described it this way: “Its broken up into three groups, just like high school. You have the cool group, the regular group, and the losers.” Hrm, you can pick which one is which for yourself. 21A.453 Anthropology of the Middle East professor: Susan Slyomovics format: 2 one-and-a-half hour discussions (hybrid of lecture and recitation, since there are only 3 students in the class :P ) fun facts: Professor Slyomovics is the “winner of the 1999 Albert Hourani Book Award given by the Middle East Studies Association, and the 1999 Chicago Folklore Prize.” Also, shes “chair of the Massachusetts Institute of Technologys innovative program in the Study of Women in the Developing World.” Her participation in the Fulbright Scholar Program is summarized here. (Mitra note: I knew Professor Slyomovics was really talented, but I had no idea she was so highly decorated. This is crazy; for three hours a week, I sit at a conference table with her and two other students, and we talk about articles, books, movies, and our own experiences with the Middle East. Little did I know.) memorable moment: We were talking about the contrast between traditional and canonical literature in particular, 3 categories: the elite/academic, the popular/mainstream, and folklore and how some things (opera, jazz) have moved from the “bottom” up to the “top.” Professor Slyomovics told us that jokes/riddles fit in the bottom category, and in fact one of her professors wrote a paper on the history of light bulb jokes, and how their changes over the years can track societys patterns in racism (!). Then we talked about how fashion is another example of appropriation, and how distressed jeans are really trendy now. THEN we learned how there is a huge fake antique industry in Egypt (where she used to live), and in order to make the non-antiques appear ancient, merchants feed them to turkeys, whose digestive acids eat away at the paint to make the dolls look “distressed” !! Is this not the best class ever? So we went from picture 1 to picture 2 to picture 3, all in 5 minutes of anthropological discussion :P 14.30 Statistical Methods in Economics professor: Herman Bennett format: 2 one-and-a-half hour lectures and one one-hour recitation fun fact: On the first day of class, we went over basic probability definitions, and one note was the difference between permutations (order matters) and combinations (order does not matter). One notable example: the Athena usernames (and email addresses) of my professor and recitation instructor are permutations of each other memorable moment: Here are two sample problems from practice exam 1: (And no, none of the real exam questions was this easy. I wish) 3. (Divas Live) VH1 is planning yet another Divas Live concert and they want to select three of their ten invited divas to perform Bawitdaba with Kid Rock a) In how many ways can the trio be chosen if the three divas perform at different times during the song? For the rest of question 3, assume the divas perform the same part at the same time. In how many ways can the trio be chosen? b) Brandy and Monica are still fighting over whose boy it really is and refuse to perform together. In how many ways can the trio be chosen? c) Celine Dion and Shania Twain decide to form a Canadian coalition and insist on either both performing or neither performing. In how many ways can the trio be chosen? I know, Im really scraping the bottom of the barrel with these pictures. Must. fix. camera 5. Youre at a wild party playing spin the bottle with an infinite number of people of whatever gender you favor. The people are indexed by a real number in the interval 0 = x = 1. The more attractive a person is, the higher his or her number. The non-standard game goes as follows: Flip a fair coin (coin #1). If it shows heads, spin a pointer whose probability of stopping in any interval is proportional to the size of the interval, and whose perimeter is marked with a uniform scale from 0 to 1. You get to kiss the person to whose number the pointer points. If, on the other hand, coin #1 shows tails, dont spin the pointer; instead, flip a coin again (coin #2). If coin #2 shows heads, you get to kiss the best-looking person (person with index 1). If coin #2 shows tails, you kiss the ugliest person (person 0). Let the random variable X be the index of the person that you end up kissing. a) What is the CDF of X? Be careful to specify the function completely. b) What is the probability that the person you kiss has an index exceeding 3/4? c) What is the probability that the person you kiss has an index equal to 1? Oh, those dirty economists. Gasp! I have to go, mid-post, but I will post architecture as soon as possible! happy reading =)

The Impact Of Technology On Health Care Essay - 1010 Words

Abstract Technology is doing wonders to the health care world. We have advanced tremendously from previous years and researchers are still finding ways to improve the system. Technology in health care is so important because there are many barriers that stop people from receiving the help and care they need due to many reasons like language barriers. With the improvement of technology, we have witnessed how people’s health and wellbeing has improved by using fitness apps and watches that track calories and footsteps. Research was conducted on the gadgets, apps and devices that are shaping health care today. In recent light, the United States has tried to implement the computerized medical records in hospitals and clinics. Companies are also investing in creating technology that helps doctors connect with one another and translate medical information to people that do not speak English. It will definitely take time for the world to implement a systematic health care plan because many p laces lack the funds. In the early 1920’s, paper medical records were created because the Health Information Management industry found it of importance to document patient history (Brooks, A. 2013). In today’s day and age, technology has advanced to where many hospitals like the Veterans Affairs and Kaiser along with many clinics have adapted to computerized electronic medical records. However, we are still working on getting allShow MoreRelatedImpact Of Technology On Health Care780 Words   |  4 PagesTechnology in healthcare is growing to redefine health care processes both within health care organizations and the way people interact with them. Technology exploitation in mHealth (mobile health), Telehealth and speech-to-text software is rapidly increasing within the health care system to provide a convenient, fast and reliable means of connecting health care professions, patients and health information. mHealth provides rapid connectivity and remote communication means necessary in care processesRead MoreTechnology Impact On Health Care1295 Words   |  6 PagesTechnology Impact in Health Care Marc Gaynor HCM420: Critical Thinking Colorado State University-Global Campus Professor: Cheryl Chance December,4 2015 In modern times advances in technology has impacted all facets of today’s society and remains to offer viable benefits that were at one point considered unrealistic. Human civilization over the past decades has taken great pains to advance their technological understandings (Lambdin, 2011). Moreover, medical biotechnologyRead MoreHealth Information Technology Impact Health Care1418 Words   |  6 PagesThroughout my interviewing process all aspects of health Information technology were discussed, and to my expectations the answers I received were somewhat expected. I interviewed a Registered Nurse who is currently employed by Covenant Healthcare with 20 years of experience, the mother of an infant who is very concerned about her kid’s health and believes it is a top priority, and a senior citizen who recently lost his due to complications associated with his diabetes. For the first question, theRead MoreThe Impact Of Technology On Health Care950 Words   |  4 Pages The Cost of Technology in HealthCare As humans when we find ourselves in pain, what are the first places that come to mind for help? Hospitals, doctor’s offices, clinics, and other health facilities or simply just a quick call to an ambulance. But while we’re getting treated for our discomfort, it never crosses our minds of the actual cost of the technology in these places that are providing us with comfort; or that allows whomever whether it’s a doctor, nurse, medical assistant, physical therapistRead MoreThe Health Care Industry And The Impact Of Technology1518 Words   |  7 Pagesmeet the needs of the growing senior population, and advances in technology can allow this population to be treated more effectively in the comfort of their own homes. Technology has had a huge impact on health care in general. From lifesaving medical equipment and new methods of developing pharmaceuticals, to medical filing systems and new developments like minimally invasive procedures that actually cut back on overall health care spending. This paper will specifically focus on the benefits andRead MoreImpact Of Technology On Health Care Industry1006 Words   |  5 PagesQuality in Health Care, focuses on how there have been many developments in technology which could be utilized to â€Å"effectively deliver services† within the health care industry (Thambusamy Palvia, 2011, p. 1). Through innovation, health care facilities are expected to provide top quality care to patients. Technology has made that possible; however, prior to this study, it was unsure if the two had any correlation. The research that was conducted involves the term â€Å"service† in the health care industryRead MoreThe Impact of Innovative Health Technolo gies in Nursing and Health Care997 Words   |  4 PagesTechnology in Nursing and Health Care: The continuous transformation of the health care field through the introduction of new technology tools has contributed to the need for nurses to stay current with new trends and keep track of what is on the horizon. However, these rapid technological changes and advancements in the health care field have seemingly precluded any probability of anticipating the future. As a result, nurses and other health care professionals can prepare for the future by remainingRead MoreMedical Technology And Its Impact On Health Care1601 Words   |  7 PagesMorrissey, an orthopedic surgeon, states â€Å"New, eye-popping medical technology provides earlier diagnoses, personalized treatments and a breathtaking range of other benefits for both patients and health care professionals.† What Morrissey is saying is that new technology in the health care world can provide wide variety of benefits for not only health care workers, but it also benefits patients greatly as well. New medical technolog y can help with an infinite amount of things, such as diagnostic testingRead MoreHealth Information Technology Impact On The Quality Of Care Essay1778 Words   |  8 PagesHealth Information Technology Impact on the Quality of Care The health care industry is driven forward by the advancements in technology. Advancements in technology has improved the way health care treatments are delivered to patients. Patient outcomes are affected in the way that the care is being delivered. Technology has found ways to not only improve the way it is being delivered but has also made it more efficient in how it is being done so. Therefore, healthcare quality has improved with theRead MoreThe Impact Of Smartphone Technology On Behavioral Health Care Essay1561 Words   |  7 PagesAlthough there is a big variety of possibilities of smartphone technology bringing to behavioral health care, there are also several key issues that both professionals and users should be aware of. In the following section, a brief overview of primary issues is provided in order to point out some suggestions for a better user practice and the trend of the mHealth in mental health. 1. Security and Privacy Issues One big challenge is always around the security of the patients’ private data collected

Hamlet a Feminist Approach Essay examples - 1224 Words

Hamlet: A Feminist Approach Sexism: the belief or attitude that one sex is inherently superior to, more competent than, or more valuable than the other (most commonly used for male superiority). This idea that women are weak is not a new one in the modern world. It has been studied for countless years along with the concept of a patriarchal society. A patriarchy is defined as a system of society or government in which men hold the power and women are largely excluded from it. Such systems currently exist in several forms and areas around the world; however, the most common place for these patriarchies is in literature. Novels, plays, works of nonfiction, and other forms of literature have shown to either â€Å"reinforce or undermine the†¦show more content†¦Tender yourself more dearly, or—not to crack the wind of the poor phrase, running it thus—you’ll tender me a fool† (31). Here, Polonious clearly shows that he does not care as much as for Ophelia as he does for his reput ation, suggesting that he thinks that women are inferior. In addition, Ophelia’s lack of refusal to being pushed around while submitting to her father’s oppression contributes to her being portrayed as a weak, frail woman. The single response to her father’s lecture on her relationship with Hamlet is â€Å"I shall obey, my lord† (31). She truly has no say in important decisions either. For example, she was asked to spy on Hamlet by her father and Claudius, and no option was provided to say no, simply because it was expected of her to follow the orders of the males present. As Polonius and Claudius spy on Hamlet and Ophelia, Hamlet and Ophelia’s dialogue shows the degradation of females. Hamlet says, â€Å"†¦for wise men know well enough what monsters you make of them. To a nunnery, go, and quickly too† (31), describing his disgust and lack of trust for women in marriages, thinking they are all uncommitted deceivers. Hamlet, as the plot progresses, eventually accidentally kills Polonius, leaving Ophelia with no close family and influences left. When she comes to the King and Queen insane, Claudius says, â€Å"Oh, this is the poison of deep grief. It springs all from her father’s death, andShow MoreRelatedFeminism in both Hamlet and Lady Oracle Essay1179 Words   |  5 Pagesworks, Hamlet and Lady Oracle, chart both the life’s course of their main characters and underline the protagonist’s trajectory in some decisive moments of their existence, when both of them, Hamlet and Joan Foster, need to take some decisions which may change their destinies. In this brief essay I will try to point out similarities and differences between these two stories taking into consideration a feminist approach. First and foremost I would like to mention what do I mean by feminist approachRead MoreEssay about Ophelia: Harshly Criticized1027 Words   |  5 PagesHamlet, a tragedy written by William Shakespeare in the 16th century, has been subject to evaluation for centuries. Each character has been broken down and analyzed. The psychology of each character has been examined. Every relationship has been studied to find more answer surrounding the play. Harold Bloom and Sigmund Freud have examined it extensively. Scholars have dissected all parts of the play. One character that has recently been analyzed more and more is Ophelia. She has been defended byRead MoreThe Role Of Female Characters In Hamlet1347 Words   |  6 PagesHamlet is a play about death, revenge, and love. Written by William Shakespeare, this play is famous around the world for its dramatic plot. The central theme of Hamlet is love. The story starts off with a Queen falling in love with the brother of her husband. The Quee n decides to quickly marry the brother of her previous husband, when her previous husband suddenly dies. Her son (Prince Hamlet), who loves his biological father and disagrees with his mother’s quick decision to marry, is quite saddenedRead MoreConflict Between Hamlet And Laerte By William Shakespeare1564 Words   |  7 PagesThroughout Hamlet, several characters die. For most, this happens through combat, such as the duel between Hamlet and Laerte, which kills them both. In the play, however, two characters die in quick, seemingly careless ways. The first, the fair Ophelia, is killed by her own madness in what seems to be suicide. The other, Gertrude, dies due to the carelessness of her husband, who accidentally poisons her. In both of these cases, their deaths, and the events that led to them, represent a differenceRead MoreLiterary Criticisms of Shakespeare’s Hamlet Essay1234 Words   |  5 Pages This essay will discuss several literary criticisms of Shakespeare’s Hamlet. After skimming through several articles, I ended up with four peer-reviewed journal articles, each a different critical perspectives of the play: feminist, psychoanalytical/freudian, moral, and new historicism. My previous studies of Hamlet, as well as my rereading of the play this semester, has collectively given me a general knowledge of the text. My familiarity of the play made it easier for me to decipherRead More Feminine Representation in Shakespeares Hamlet Essay2628 Words   |  11 PagesFeminine Representation in Shakespeares Hamlet      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Abstract: This essay employs Feminist Criticism, New Historicism, and Marxist Criticism, to analyze the portrayal of Queen Gertrude and Ophelia.    Because Shakespeares Hamlet centers on the internal struggle of the Prince of Denmark, the reader focuses primarily on his words and actions.   An often overlooked or under appreciated aspect of the play is the portrayal of the female characters, particularly Queen Gertrude and OpheliaRead MoreHamlet s Life And The Way That He Portrays Women Essay1007 Words   |  5 PagesShakespeare’s Hamlet, there is no doubt that Gertrude has had quite the major impact on Hamlet’s life and the way that he portrays women. Gertrude is the only woman in Hamlet’s life, so his view on women is strictly based off of what he knows about his mother. But is Gertrude a horrible mother? Is she a good mother? Is Ophelia a whore, or is this assumption based solely on Hamlet’s perspective of his mother? These questions can be answered through both a psychological and feminine approach, alongRead MoreBrothers Grimm and Beautiful Mind1109 Words   |  5 Pagesbiography of the mathematician John Forbes Nash Jr., Sylvia Nasar quotes one of his colleagues: All mathematici Premium 2568 Words 11 Pages * A Critical Analysis of Feminist Theories Concerning the Representation of Women in Advertising. A Critical Analysis of Feminist Theories Concerning the Representation of Women in Advertising. There are many forms of feminisms which often contradict each other and focus their efforts on issues which reflect their local concernsRead MoreFeminist Theory Applied to Hamlet2809 Words   |  12 PagesRepresenting Ophelia: Women, Madness, and the Responsibilities of Feminist Criticism Elaine Showalter Though she is neglected in criticism, Ophelia is probably the most frequently illustrated and cited of Shakespeare’s heroines. Her visibility as a subject in literature, popular culture, and painting, from Redon who paints her drowning, to Bob Dylan, who places her on Desolation Row, to Cannon Mills, which has named a flowery sheet pattern after her, is in inverse relation to her invisibility inRead MoreFeminist Criticism Of Hamlet By William Shakespeare1838 Words   |  8 PagesFeminist Criticism of Hamlet â€Å"Frailty, thy name is woman† (1.2. 150)! This controversial line, followed by several more from the play Hamlet, by William Shakespeare, displays a common view towards women that portrays them as being weak and reliant on men. Throughout the play, two women, Ophelia and Gertrude, are shown to be dependent on the men in their lives. They both take on a senselessly obedient state of mind. Even though they share this common characteristic, Ophelia and Gertrude are very different

Junior Rios. Britschgi. English 3. March 21St, 2017. Animal

Junior Rios Britschgi English 3 March 21st, 2017 Animal Testing Throughout the years the use of animals in medical research has been a hot debate around the world. Although animal testing may be cruel and inhumane, thousands of humans are saved thanks to the research that animals supply researchers with. Animals testing have taken over our knowledge of medicine and treatments to a whole different level. Animal testing also does this in a cheap and effective way. Without animals testing out knowledge wouldn’t be up to date, in other words animals’ testing is good. One way animal testing benefits people is by helping researchers find treatments and drugs. For example animals helped researchers find a cure for polio. This finding alone helped†¦show more content†¦If a drug affects the animals then it would not be used or tested on a human therefore possibly saving that person life. Not only do humans benefit from testing but so do the animals, â€Å"Animal experimentation is not only beneficial to humans but animals as well. If the vaccines were not tested on them, a lot of them could have died from rabies, infectious hepatitis virus, anthrax, feline leukemia, and canine parvovirus. Remedies for hip dysplasia and glaucoma were also discovered through animal testing. But the real highlight is that vivisection helped kept endangered species, such as the California condor, the tamarins of Brazil, and the black-footed ferret, from becoming extinct. This is why animal testing is endorsed by the American Veterinary Medical Association.† (16 pros and cons of animal experimentation, n.d.). This evidence alone shows that animals benefit from the test as well. They can go to the vet and get their daily shots and live a happy life with their owners. Without testing this wouldn’t be the case. Although animals testing help humans in many ways it can be cruel and inhuman to the animals being tested on. Depending on which lab the end up in they could be treated poorly and starved. They could be â€Å"inflicted with burn wounds and pain to test for a healing process† (Brown, 2017). This is cruel and just wrong for many reasons. â€Å"When testing to evaluate irritation caused by

A vessel too fragile Essay Example For Students

A vessel too fragile Essay Among the more ambitious and exotic offerings this season at Pittsburghs Three Rivers Shakespeare Festival is the American premiere of Ophelia, a vivid and compelling variation on the Hamlet story, created by the Kyoto-based NOHO theatre group. NOHO may not exactly be the father of Japanese-American cross-cultural fusion, but it has been so prolific and influential that it can be called at least the uncle of Japanese theatres new international visibility. The Three Rivers production, running through July 11, is a collaboration between NOHO artists and members of the Festivals Young Company, based at the University of Pittsburgh. This kind of joint effort may be nothing new for NOHO, which has been pushing the envelope of East-West theatre experimentation for over a decade. But Ophelia will break fresh ground by giving young Americans a rare chance to work with truly extraordinary Japanese artists. NOHO members like actor Matsui Akira and kotosuzumi (shoulder drum) musician Hisada Shunichiro would have been hard to find 20 years ago, when masters of Japans least flexible classical theatre form were expected to be noh artists and nothing else. Until recently, noh actors who have tried to get out from behind the mask and under the pine tree have often been penalized by the iemoto, senior masters who control each school of noh, and who are determined to keep their art untainted by anything that might damage an actors concentration and purity of style. One measure of the new status and power enjoyed by Matsui, Hisada and others like them is that they no longer have to pass up challenging opportunities or moonlight under assumed names. They can work outside noh, even outside Japan, thanks to foreign colleagues such as the American producer and director Jonah Salz, who have helped traditional Japanese actors attain a freedom that was once unthinkable. Salz first encountered Japanese theatre in all its majesty in 1977, when the high-tech stage pioneer Ichikawa Ennosuke brought one of his New Directions kabuki spectacles to New York. Salzs search for universals of performance in the Japanese and Western traditions led him to Kyoto and a meeting with Shigeyamam Akira, a young actor of classical kyogen comedy. The two co-founded NOHO in 1981 as an experiment in using the techniques and structures of noh and kyogen to interpret Western texts. In the years since, actors, dancers and musicians from 10 countries have collaborated on 25 NOHO productions of English, Japanese and bilingual plays. Their repertoire ranges from Shakespeare, Yeats and Beckett to medieval French farces, Woody Allen adaptations of Boccaccio, and even a trilingual English-German-Japanese kyogen from a story by the Brothers Grimm. For all of NOHOs hits and occasional misses, Salz and company may gain their greatest honor for having launched the revolutionary Traditional Theatre Training program. Now in its ninth year, TTT has brought together more than 60 theatre artists and scholars from Europe, Asia and the Americans to study noh, kyogen, the classical dance form Nihon buyo, and other Japanese theatre arts. Each year, a few TTT students choose to stay in Japan, and see what new things can be done with the small but venturesome mix of talent that now lives and works in Kyoto. Salz, NOHO and TTT have blazed a very wide trail that continues to open. Driven to madness by love In his first production of Ophelia outside Japan, Salz attempts to fuse an English text delivered by American actors with the atmosphere and imagery of a noh play. The result is a double mirror that reflects the heroines plight from two directions, thereby illuminating the universal predicament of those who die without knowing why their lives were ruined, nor how they might have been healed. .uc7c081fa634e471e8467cfa667a7633c , .uc7c081fa634e471e8467cfa667a7633c .postImageUrl , .uc7c081fa634e471e8467cfa667a7633c .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uc7c081fa634e471e8467cfa667a7633c , .uc7c081fa634e471e8467cfa667a7633c:hover , .uc7c081fa634e471e8467cfa667a7633c:visited , .uc7c081fa634e471e8467cfa667a7633c:active { border:0!important; } .uc7c081fa634e471e8467cfa667a7633c .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uc7c081fa634e471e8467cfa667a7633c { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uc7c081fa634e471e8467cfa667a7633c:active , .uc7c081fa634e471e8467cfa667a7633c:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uc7c081fa634e471e8467cfa667a7633c .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uc7c081fa634e471e8467cfa667a7633c .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uc7c081fa634e471e8467cfa667a7633c .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uc7c081fa634e471e8467cfa667a7633c .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uc7c081fa634e471e8467cfa667a7633c:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uc7c081fa634e471e8467cfa667a7633c .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uc7c081fa634e471e8467cfa667a7633c .uc7c081fa634e471e8467cfa667a7633c-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uc7c081fa634e471e8467cfa667a7633c:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Elsinore in ashes. (theater in former Yugoslavia) EssayWhen told from Ophelias point of view, Hamlet has natural connections with noh   especially since one of the five categories of the noh repertoire consists of passive tragedies about women who have done no evil, but who are driven to madness by lost love. The clueless Ophelia, a vessel too fragile to withstand the currents of rage and crime breaking against her, is left unprotected by her brother, manipulated by her father and the King, and bitterly spurned by the man she loves. The murder of Polonius knocks her over the edge. Her own death is a mystery   called an accident by the Queen, a suicide by the Gravedigge r. In the NOHO version, set in the graveyard of Elsinore, Ophelias ghost appears and tells her story, sifting through shards of memory in order to attain the understanding that will dispel her nightmares and let her sleep peacefully at last. If Opheliaz agony is to become poignant enough that its release in the ritual exorcism of noh has power to calm and heal, the role requires a noh actor who is superbly grounded in his own art, yet able to find the luminous elements of pure theatre that transcend all barriers of culture, language and style. NOHO is lucky to have Matsui Akira as Ophelias ghost. This young artist   in the noh world, anyone under 50 is young   promises to be an actor of truly historic stature. He has played some of the most demanding lead roles in noh, has written and staged original dramatizations of Japanese myths (including Rashomon), gives regular workshops in Australia, Europe and the United States, and has appeared as a guest artist with several multinational companies. (With NOHO he has played Cuchulain and the Hawk in different productions of Yeatss At the Hawks Well, and has danced the Broom in The Sorcerers Apprentice. He will star in Becketts Rockaby at Oregons Portland Theatre Festival in July.) Those who get to see Matsui in Pittsburgh and Portland will understand at once his astounding possibilities, and his delicious problem. He could easily spend the rest of his life dancing and teaching outside Japan, and thereby lose contact with noh at the source; or he could become one of the most e xalted noh actors is Japan, at the price of sacrificing offers and chances from other fields and countries. Matsui is unique. He is not the first noh actor to teach abroad, but he is the first to be pulled in so many directions by would-be collaborators, students and fans. Hes like a Johnny Appleseed of Japanese theatre, tossing a few pine kernels into any field that looks clear and ready. In the next century, whole forests could spring up where Akira Matsui has gone.

Corrections and Treatment Essay Example

Corrections and Treatment Paper There is a wide choice of correctional treatments available for juveniles, which can be subdivided into two major categories, which are community treatment and institutional treatment. Community treatment refers to efforts to provide care, protection, and treatment for juveniles in need. Institutional treatment facilities are correctional centers operated by federal, state, and county governments. These facilities restrict the movement of residents through staff monitoring, locked exits, and interior fence control. Community corrections have traditionally emphasized offender rehabilitation. Community treatment includes probation, intensive supervision, house arrest, and balanced probation. Probation includes regular supervision by a probation officer. The juvenile must adhere to conditions such as attend school or work and stay out of trouble. Intensive supervision involves treating offenders who would normally have been sent to a secure treatment facility as part of a very small probation caseload that receives almost daily scrutiny. The juvenile must adhere to the same conditions as those placed on regular probation. House arrest, which is often coupled with electronic monitoring, allows offenders sentenced to probation to remain in the community on condition that they stay at home during specific periods. Offenders may be monitored through random phone calls, visits, or electronic devices. Balanced probation systems integrate community protection, the accountability of the juvenile offender, and individualized attention to the offender. These programs are based on the view that juveniles are responsible for their actions and have an obligation to society whenever they commit an offense. We will write a custom essay sample on Corrections and Treatment specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Corrections and Treatment specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Corrections and Treatment specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Under balanced probation restrictions are tailored to the risk the juvenile offender presents to the community. The purpose of these treatment efforts is to provide rehabilitation to juvenile offenders and ensure public safety, all at the same time. These programs are important because not all juvenile offenders need to be placed into institutions for rehabilitation, some can be effectively rehabilitated outside of institutions, and become productive members of society (Wadsworth, 2005). Correctional institutions operated by federal, state, and county governments are generally classified as secure or open facilities. Secure facilities restrict the movement of residents through staff monitoring, locked exits, and interior fence controls. Open institutions generally do not restrict the movement of the residents and allow much greater freedom of access to the facility. Males make up the great bulk on institutionalized youth. They are more likely to form allegiances with members of their own racial group and attempt to exploit those outside the group. They also scheme to manipulate staff and take advantage of weaker peers. The juvenile justice system should be concerned with this issue because this is primarily how gangs are developed, and could become a serious issue within juvenile facilities. The growing involvement of girls in criminal behavior and the influence of feminist movement have drawn more attention to the female juvenile offender. Institutions for girls are generally more restrictive than those for boys, and they have fewer educational and vocational programs and fewer services. The juvenile justice system should also be concerned with this issue because it is a double standard. Most female delinquents are in for status offenses, compared to male delinquents who are in for violent crimes, but yet the males have fewer restrictions than the females. It is also unfair to the female inmates to not be able to receive that same educational and vocational training. Female delinquents need to be rehabilitated just as well as the males (Wadsworth, 2005). Aftercare in the juvenile justice system is the equivalent of parole in the adult criminal justice system. When juveniles are released from an institution, they may be placed in an aftercare program of some kind, so that those who have been institutionalized are not simply returned to the community without some transitional assistance. The Intensive Aftercare Program model developed by David Altshuler and Troy Armstrong offers a continuum of intervention for serious juvenile offenders returning to the community following placement. Colorado is one state who has implemented the IAP Model. In their program community based providers begin weekly services while the adolescents are still institutionalized, and continue during aftercare. Sixty days prior to release, IAP youth begin a series of step down measures, including supervised trips to the community, and thirty days before release, there are overnight or weekend home passes. Upon release to parole, most program youths go through several months of day treatment that, in addition to services, provides a high level of structure during the day. Trackers provide evening and weekend monitoring during this period of reentry. The planned frequency of contact is once a week during the first few months of supervision, with gradual reductions to once a month in later stages of supervision. Virginia has also implemented the IAP Model. Virginia’s central feature is the use of group home placements as a bridge between the institution and the community. Immediately after release from the institution, youths enter one of two group homes for a thirty to sixty day period. Virginia uses a formal step down system to ease the intensity of parole supervision gradually. In the two months following the youth’s release from the group home, staff is required to contact them five to seven times per week. This is reduced to three to five times per week during the next two months, and again to three times per week during the final thirty days. Aftercare programs are important for several reasons. First, they prepare youth for progressively increased responsibility and freedom in the community. Second, they facilitate youth-community interaction and involvement. Finally, they work with both the offender and targeted community support systems on qualities needed for constructive interaction and the youths’ successful community adjustment (Wadsworth, 2005). There are several aspects of the juvenile justice system, and they are all important. The goals of these programs are to rehabilitate the youth, and I believe they can be effective. If implemented properly, combining institutionalization, community based treatment, and aftercare, a juvenile can become rehabilitated. However, one cannot be implemented without the other, because then the youth may not have a successful reentry into the community. Bibliography Wadsworth. (2005). Juvenile Corrections: Probation, Community Treatment, and Institutionalization. In Juvenile Delinquency: The Core (pp. 244-265). Thomson Learning Inc.

Copmare Example

Copmare Example Copmare – Coursework Example Ebay and Amazon are two of the largest online retailers in the world. In order to compare the financial performance of both these companies a ratio analysis of its financial statements was calculated. The ratio analysis is illustrated in the table below.The net margin of Ebay is 17.80%. Ebays profitability is outstanding considering the fact that Amazons profitability was only 0.37%. One of the reasons that Ebay has a higher profitability is because the company incurs in lower operating costs. Return on assets shows how effective a company has been at generating profits from its assets. In 2013 Ebay had a return on assets of 6.88%, while Amazon had a much lower ROA at 0.68%. Return on equity measures a corporations profitability by revealing how much profit a company generates with the money shareholders have invested (Investodepia). Ebay had a return on equity in 2013 of 12.08% which is higher than Amazons result of 2.81%. The total asset turnover measures how efficient a company i s at generating revenue from its assets. Ebay had a total asset turnover in 2013 of 0.39. Amazon had a much better total asset turnover in 2013 with a result of 1.85. The times interest earned measures the amount of income that can be used to cover the interest expense of the company. A high times interest earned is the desirable outcome. Ebay had a times interest earned of 35.48. Amazon had a much lower times interest earned at 19.61. The current ratio shows the ability of a company to pay off its short term debt. The formula to calculate current ratio is current assets divided by current liabilities The current ratio of Ebay was 1.84, while Amazon had a current ratio of 1.07. Ebays current ratio is better. The quick ratio is another short term solvency metric that is similar to the current ratio, but it eliminates inventory from the numerator of the formula. Ebay does not hold any inventory, thus its quick ratio is the same as its current ratio at 1.84. Amazon had a quick ratio in 2013 of 0.75. Based on the ratio analysis performed Ebay is a better investment option because the company has superior profitability and liquidity. Work Cited PageInvestopedia.com. 2014. Return on Equity – ROE. 14 November 2014.

Identify failures of the now discontinued brand Ralph Lauren Rugby and Essay

Identify failures of the now discontinued brand Ralph Lauren Rugby and propose a marketing strategy for the re-launch of that brand - Essay Example The company even uses various advertisement campaigns to position the brand in minds of the targeted audience. The store layout is also re-structured. The marketing strategy developed is proposed to Mr. Ralph Lauren in order to persuade him to re-launch the brand. The Ralph Lauren Corporation was incorporated in the year 1967 and was a world renowned clothing brand that defined the American lifestyle. Mr. Ralph Lauren started this company by selling ties which was completely different in design to the tradition design of ties used by men in America. His range of colourful ties gave birth to a brand called Polo. In the later years the product range of the brand widened which included footwear, luxury accessories, apparel, and home furnishings. The company comprised of various brands apart from Polo such as Pink Pony, Chaps, Club Monaco, Black Label, RRL and RLX, American Living, Purple Label, and Rugby. The brand Rugby was launched in the year 2004. Despite of the success of the company this Rugby brand failed miserably in the market place and finally the brand was closed in the year 2012. The common reasons for failure of a fashion brand are its incapability to maintain a leading edge or to remain as trendy in order to meet the demand of the customers. In the years when Rugby was launched there exist a lot of competition in the preppy brand market space. The high priced products had made the brand unable to capture the maximum of the market share. The preppy style of the brand was very fashionable from the starting years of its launch but somewhere the other offerings of the brand were really absurd even for its target market. The offerings of the brand were such as a pair of sweat pants with English style classic boating blazer or herringbone three-row-two sport jacket. The combinations offered by the brand were no doubt fashionable but at the same time they were not that much appealing

Why Do I Want to Be a Professional Counselor - Personal Goals Assignment

Why Do I Want to Be a Professional Counselor - Personal Goals - Assignment Example I currently work as a restaurant server ad a cheer coach. I love my jobs as they give me a chance to work with different kinds of people so I do not want to give them up when I go on my internship course. I need a total of 250 hours to complete the pre-practicum and practicum requirements of my program. I have informed my employers about my program. Once I have my schedule at the internship site(s), my two employers and I will work out a schedule so I can meet my practicum hours and still satisfy my obligation to them. I am hoping my bachelor’s degree, master’s degrees and current job experiences will help me be an effective youth counselor after graduation. I have already seen several schools advertising for intern counselors on the Internet. I would be paid hourly so this could help my finances. I need to start planning for my practicum as early as possible. Especially in my situation as a working student, I should be able to know early how I will be managing my time to fulfil my workload and practicum schedule. Filing for the practicum course should be done 16 weeks prior to the start of the practicum. Although I can specify a definite practicum site after filing, I would still prefer planning ahead. I was able to get my bachelor’s degree four years after high school so I would like to finish my master’s degree without delay as well. Together with time management, I need to plan early for the cost as well. Liability insurance, a requirement to start the practicum course costs a minimum coverage of $1,000.00 per claim and $3,000.00 aggregate. There is also the cost of the licensure exams. Aside from passing my school tests, I need to take and pass a licensure exam from the National Board of Certified Counselors or Commission on Rehabilitation Counselor Certific ation. To register for the test, I need to submit a complete application packet and the $250 fee. Once approved for a license, I need to pay either a $100 or $250 license issuance fee. Getting my license will make me eligible to work as a professional counselor. This is why meeting the state requirements is very important.  

African Trypanosomiasis Sleeping Sickness Biology Essay

African Trypanosomiasis Sleeping Sickness Biology Essay African trypanosomiasis also known as sleeping sickness is a wide spread parasitic disease (disease caused by organism that lives in or on another from which it obtains nourishment) that can be fatal if not treated. It is estimated by the World Health Organisation (WHO) that it has 450 000 cases each year, however in the past there have epidemics (a rapid spread or increase) such as between 1896 and 1906 where it is believed that 300 000 to 500 000 died from the disease. [1] African trypanosomiasis is common in the sub-Saharan region near rivers, lakes, in gallery forests and in Savannahs where the large brown tsetse flies are present. It occurs in these remote rural areas because the health systems are weak and because most of these areas depend on agriculture, fishing, animal husbandry or hunting so they are exposed to the tsetse flies. [2]The disease has been present in Africa for a minimum of 14 centuries with millions of people being affected by it. As you can see below (in figure 1) the distribution of trypanosomiasis in Africa comprises currently an area of 8 million km2 between 14 degrees North and 20 degrees South latitude. tryp_map.gif [Fig. 1] Distribution of human African trypanosomiasis. http://www.who.int/tdrold/dw/images/legend5.gifEpidemic http://www.who.int/tdrold/dw/images/legend6.gifHigh endemicity http://www.who.int/tdrold/dw/images/legend4.gifLow endemicity http://www.who.int/tdrold/dw/images/legend7.gifAt risk http://www.who.int/tdrold/dw/images/legend3.gifAbsence of the disease   As well as African trypanosomiasis also occurs in South America it is called the American trypanosomiasis or the Chagas disease however the organism causing that disease is different to the Tsetse flies. African trypanosomiasis is however more common than the South American version and it is estimated that around 50,000 to 70,000 people are currently infected with it and around 48,000 people died from it in 2008. [3] If, like most diseases, African Trypanosomiasis is diagnosed early there is a high chance of survival. There are no effective vaccines, and the drugs used to treat this disease are often toxic and usually have many side effects. Untreated cases have a 100 percent  mortality rate. [4] The extent of African Trypanosomiasis is shown more clearly when compared to other diseases and during epidemic periods prevalence reached 50% in several villages in the Democratic Republic of Congo, Angola and Southern Sudan. Sleeping sickness was the first or second greatest cause of mortality in those communities, ahead of even HIV/AIDS. [5] There are two types of African trypanosomiasis which are common in humans. The first of the two sub species is trypanosomiasis brucei gambiense which causes a slow chronic trypanosomiasis in humans. This mostly occurs in central and western Africa, where humans are thought to be the primary target. The second is T. brucei rhodesiense and this causes a rapid onset of trypanosomiasis in humans and this is most common in southern and eastern Africa, where animals are the primary target. Tsetse flies are large flies which can be easily misinterpreted for a housefly but can be distinguished by various characteristics. These flies cause human sleeping sickness and animal trypanosomiasis (or nagana) as well as other diseases and its estimated it kills around 250,000 to 300,000 people a year. Tsetse flies are multivoltine (they have more than 2 generations per year) and there are 23 species of this fly existent today. Tsetse flies include all the species in the genus Glossina, which are generally placed in their own family, the Glossinidae. [6] AfrTryp_LifeCycle.gif[Fig. 2] [1] When a tsetse fly bites it takes blood from a human or animal host. [2] If the tsetse fly is infected it injects metacyclic trypomastigotes into skin tissue and the parasites enter the lymphatic system (part of the immune system) and pass into the bloodstream. Inside the host, they transform into bloodstream trypomastigotes and are carried to other parts of the body. [3] After this bloodstream trypomastigotes reach other blood fluids such as lymph, spinal fluid and continue the replication by binary fission (Asexual reproduction where parent cells divide into two equal parts.). [4/5] The entire life cycle of African Trypanosomes is in extracellular (outside the cells) stages. A tsetse fly becomes infected with bloodstream trypomastigotes when taking a blood meal on an infected host . [6] In the tsetse flies midgut (the mid section of the digestive tract), the parasites generate a cycle of trypomastigotes, they then multiply by binary fission and leave the midgut. [7] Thereafter the parasites transform into epimastigotes (a developmental stage in trypanosomes) [8] The epimastigotes reach the flys salivary glands and continue multiplication by binary fission . This cycle in the fly takes approximately 3 weeks to occur. http://www.icp.ucl.ac.be/~opperd/parasites/images/dia3.jpg[Fig.3] This picture shows an African male in the late stage of African trypanosomiasis Describe the biological processes involved in producing solutions to the problem You can spot African trypanosomiasis early if the following symptoms occur, and treating the disease early increases the chances of survival. Symptoms of sleeping sickness begin with fever, headaches, and joint pains. If untreated, the disease slowly overcomes the immune defences of the infected person, and symptoms spread to anaemia, cardiovascular and kidney disorders. The disease then enters a neurological phase when the parasite passes through the blood-brain barrier (BBB). The symptoms of the second phase is what gives the disease its name, sleeping sickness, besides confusion and reduced coordination, the sleep cycle is disturbed with a period of lower level consciousness and periods of inability to sleep progressing to daytime drowsiness and night-time insomnia. Without treatment, the disease is fatal, with progressive mental deterioration leading to coma and death. Damage caused in the neurological phase can be irreversible. [7] Stage 1 illness: 2 to 3 weeks later, Stage 1 disease develops as a result of the protozoa being carried through the blood and lymph circulation of the host. This phase of the illness is represented by a high fever that falls and rises again, also irritating rashes, and headaches may occur. The Gambiense form, in particular, includes extreme swelling of lymph tissue, with enlargement of both the spleen and liver, and greatly swollen lymph nodes. During this stage, the heart may be affected by a severe inflammatory reaction, particularly when the infection is caused by the Rhodesiense variety of trypanosomiasis. These symptoms usually occur because of our immune system trying to defeat the invading organism; this is because of the increasing activity of our cells damaging organs and tissues. This may cause some blood vessels to leak and as a result of this the protozoa may spread further around the body. The immune system responds so violently because the trypanosomes survive so well by quickly changing specific markers, which are the outer coats of unique proteins. These proteins stimulate the hosts immune system to produce immune cells which will specifically target the marker, allowing quick destruction of those cells bearing the markers. Trypanosomes, however, are able to express new markers at such a high rate of change that the hosts immune system is constantly trying to catch up. Stage 2 illness This involves the nervous system, especially Gambiense sleeping sickness, which has a phase in which the symptoms involve the brain. These symptoms are that the patients speech becomes slurred, mental processes slow, and the patient sits and stares for long periods of time, or sleeps. Other symptoms resemble Parkinsons disease, including imbalance when walking, slow and shuffling gait, trembling of the limbs, involuntary movements, muscle tightness, and increasing mental confusion. Untreated, these symptoms could eventually lead to coma and then to death. [8] There are various treatments for the disease but it depends on the how bad the disease has got and what stage it is at. Suramin, eflornithine, pentamidine, and several drugs which contain arsenic (a chemical which in higher doses is highly poisonous to humans), are all effective anti-trypanosomal agents. When the disease is in its early stages it is easier to control and its treatments are the most effective, the least toxic, so the earlier the identification of the disease, the better the prospect of a cure. At the second stage the treatments depend on drugs that can cross the blood and the brain, to reach the parasite, however these drugs are more toxic and therefore carry a risk with them. There are four drugs that have been registered for the treatment of sleeping sickness which are; pentamidine, melarsoprol, eflornithine and suramin. If the disease is diagnosed early, the chances of cure are high. The type of treatment depends on the phase of the disease: initial or neurological. During which the second stage of the trypanosome parasites reside in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) so success in the latter phase depends on having a drug that can cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB) to reach the parasite. Four drugs have been used until now. Without treatment, sleeping sickness will lead to death. Unfortunately, however, those medications effective against the Trypanosoma brucei complex protozoa all have significant potential side effects for the patient. An external file that holds a picture, illustration, etc. Object name is AFHS0604-0223Fig1.jpg Object name is AFHS0604-0223Fig1.jpg [Fig 4] Sleeping sickness in South-Eastern Uganda from 1905- 2001 As you can see in figure 5 there were a high number of deaths of people from Trypanosomiasis from 1905-1915 but even thought the number decreases there have still been a lot of cases in this small region in the past 30 years and the number has been predicted to increase from The First Stage Treatment Suramin: Suramin is a colourless derivative. The development of suramin followed observations that a number substances. Suramin has six negative charges at physiological pH, thereby preventing its diffusion across cell membranes and it could possibly be used against late stage trypanosomiasis because it does not cross the BBB. Suramin is generally considered the drug of choice for the early stages of human African trypanosomiasis, especially T. b. rhodesiense infections. Because of the size and charge of suramin it makes it unsuitable to have a specific transporter. Suramin easily binds to many proteins. At attainable levels, more than 75% of suramin is bound to proteins, which include low-density lipoproteins (LDL). LDL and transferin are taken up through a receptor-mediated endocytosis and suramin enters the parasite specifically found to LDL. Accumulation of the drug in trypanosomes is relatively slow. In some studies, suramin has interfered with the metabolism of trypanosomes in different ways: It hampers the receptor mediated uptake of LDL, the carrier of cholesterol which is required for parasite growth Suramin, which enters via receptor mediated endocytosis in association with LDL, is most likely to accumulate inside the lysosome. Several of the enzymes encountered by suramin on its way from the extracellular fluid to the secondary lysosomes become inhibited by suramin. Many glycolytic enzymes located inside the glycosome on the African trypanosome carry a high positive charge, and therefore are all inhibited by micro molar levels of suramin. Second Stage Treatment Eflornithine: Eflornithine is an off-white, odourless, powder; the compound is freely soluble in water and sparingly soluble in ethanol. It is used mainly as a backup drug for melarsoprol but now in places such as Uganda it has become the first line treatment for sleeping sickness. Adverse drug reactions during eflornithine therapy are frequent. Their occurrence and intensity increase with the duration of treatment and the severity of the general condition of the patient. Generally, adverse reactions to eflornithine are reversible after the end of treatment. Trypanosomes are more susceptible to the drug than human cells, possibly due to the slow turnover of the ODC enzyme (which is key in the biosynthesis of polyamines) in T. b. gambiense. Eflornithine can effectively inhibit ODC activity and use the supply of polyamines in trypanosomes, which bring them into a motionless state that makes them vulnerable to the hosts immune attack. Therefore, a sufficiently active immune system is required to achieve a cure. Additionally, eflornithine induces the differentiation of thin forms to larger forms which do not divide anymore and therefore become accessible to the immune system. [9] It was found in a study that the effectiveness of eflornithine was 98.7% on its patients which is a high cure rate. Explain how the processes used are appropriate in terms of producing effective solutions to address the problem As you can see a total of 6 patients died, 5 of them on the 14 day course therefore the 7 day course seems to be much more effective. The 7 day course seems to be cause less adverse events in general then the 14 day course. [Fig. 5] However concluding figure 6 we can see that the probability of cure is higher in the 14 day regime then the 7 day regime. So even though there are some side effects of the 14 day regime still has a greater chance of curing the disease.[Fig. 6] F1_medium.gif [Fig. 7] A total of 103 patients with second-stage disease were enrolled. Cure rates were 94.1% for the eflornithine group and 96.2% for the nifurtimox-eflornithine group. Drug reactions were frequent in both arms, and severe reactions affected 25.5% of patients in the eflornithine group and 9.6% of those in the nifurtimox-eflornithine group, resulting in 2 and 1 treatment suspensions, respectively. There was 1 death in the eflornithine arm and no deaths in the nifurtimox-eflornithine arm. [10] The nifurtimox-eflornithine combination appears to be a promising first-line therapy for second-stage sleeping sickness. [10] F1_medium.gif [Fig 8] shows the probability of an event free survival among 1055 patients; they were treated with eflornithine for newly diagnosed second stage human African trypanosomiasis in Ibba, Southern Sudan. 1756-3305-1-3-3.jpg[Fig. 9] The combined efforts of chemotherapy, systematic case detection and vector control led to a dramatic reduction in the incidence of sleeping sickness at the beginning of the 1960s as shown in figure 2. The grey bars represent the number of cases whilst the line graph shows the population screened. Identify 2 implications of the solution encountered Suramin As suramin can only be injected it causes problems as African Trypanosomiasis can be spread easily from the needles not bring cleaned properly. If the patients who dont have the disease are injecting with the same unclean needle as people who are diagnosed this would result in the non-infected patients being infected. Further problems of suramin are that it has many side effects which include abdominal pain, diarrhoea, metallic taste and joint pain. Less common side effects are loss of vision and swelling around eyes. It can even rarely cause fainting and death. The advantages are that many of these side effects can be stopped by using a small sample dose, 100 mg IV, to test any toxic reactions of the patients. Eflornithine The route of application makes financial difficulties due to the workload and the additional material needed. A recently investigated abbreviated course of 7 days was found to cause a high relapse rate for the treatment of new cases. The superior outcome reported for the treatment of relapses still has to be confirmed, since there were a very small number of participants in the study. If there was an oral form for the treatment of sleeping sickness it would be more appropriate as it would be cheaper and less time consuming. In a study the average cost of eflornithine per patient being 552.3 USD and the cost per patients life saved averaging 559.8 USD. [10] Eflornithine also has side effects which include acne stinging skin; headache; dry skin; itching; erythema (redness); dyspepsia(upset stomach or indigestion); alopecia Fortunately there are advantages of this drug as efforts for the developments of an oral form of eflornithine are currently being made under the World Health Organisation/World Bank special programme for research and training in tropical diseases. This drug is generally better tolerated than the first line drug melarsoprol. It was found in a study that the effectiveness of eflornithine was 98.7% on its patients which is very high and therefore if the illness is treated within its late stages, stage 2, the chances of survival are still high. Evaluate the benefits and risks to humans, organisms and the environment Benefits: The side effects of Suramin can be stopped by using a small sample dose, 100 mg IV, to test any toxic reactions of the patients, so this means it could An oral form of eflornithine is currently being made under the World Health Organisation/World Bank special programme for research and training in tropical diseases. This would lead to cheaper costs of to treat a patient; therefore more people can be treated and cured. Effectiveness of eflornithine is 98.7% on its patients which is very high and therefore if the illness is treated within its late stages, stage 2, the chances of survival are still high, so a lot less people die when using the treatment. Disadvantges: The average cost of eflornithine per patient being 552.3 USD is far too high to cure most of the people especially because the treatment mainly depends on donated money as the government of the Third World countries are too poor to afford the treatment, so by using this lots of people may never be treated and therefore there may be a rise in the death rate. As the treatment of patients decreases, if people donate less, the number of deaths from the disease will increase. Further disadvantages of the treatments are that they both carry many side effects, even though some of these side effects arent major, the lack of treatments in these poor countries could result in a gradual decrease in health over time. Also some of the side effects and over doses could lead to death or serious illnesses so it is important to administer the drugs carefully and correctly as the end result could be fatal. Discuss alternative views or solutions for the problem encountered Pentamidine: Pentamidine can be used instead of suramin for a first stage treatment of trypanosomiasis. It is medication with a very slow rate of diffusion across biological membranes and it only treats the T.B.G. form of African sleeping sickness in the first stage. It could be injected or inhaled by the patient. Because of poor GI absorption, the drug is administered IV/IM and is strongly bound to tissues, including spleen, liver, and kidney. Clinical improvement usually noted within 24 h of injection. Reported to have a >90% cure rate. Pentamidine does not penetrate the blood-brain barrier effectively and, therefore, does not treat CNS infection. [9] Fifty-eight patients in the early-late stage (early central nervous system involvement) of Trypanosoma brucei gambiense trypanosomiasis were treated with pentamidine and divided into four groups according to cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) indicators: white blood cell (WBC) count, protein level (CSF protein), and the presence or absence of trypanosomes. Group 1 consisted of eight patients with normal CSF WBC counts and CSF protein levels and trypanosomes in the CSF. Group 2 consisted of nine patients with elevated CSF WBC counts, normal level of CSF protein, and trypanosomes in the CSF. Group 3 consisted of 31 patients with high CSF WBC counts, normal CSF protein levels, but no trypanosomes in the CSF. Group 4 consisted of 10 patients with normal CSF WBC counts and CSF protein levels and trypanosomes demonstrated by CSF culture. Post-treatment follow-up of all patients for at least one year revealed three relapses. There were two deaths from diseases unrelated to trypanosomiasis or to the treatment protocol. Of these patients, 52 were followed for more than two years, the time necessary to confirm a complete cure, indicating a cure rate of 94%. Pentamidine is therefore effective in treating the early-late stage of T. b. gambiense trypanosomiasis, and is comparable with melarsoprol or eflornithine in terms of its tolerance and availability. [11] Side effects: Shortness of breath; closing of the throat; hives; swelling of the lips, face, or tongue; rash; or faintin;, bleeding or bruising; blurred vision; chest pain or irregular heart beat; chills; difficulty breathing dizziness, fainting spells or excessive tiredness; drastic appetite changes; mouth ulcers severe stomach pain; severe headache; seizureshttp://bryanking.net/wp-content/uploads/2009/01/hives.jpg [Fig 10] This picture shows hives which is a common side effect of pentamidine Melarsoprol: Melarsoprol contains an arsenic element with a reactive arsenoxide group. The presence of the arsenoxide enables the ability of lipid solubility and this allows passage across the BBB. Apart from its transport function, the arsenoxide group mediates in the killing of the parasites in the bodily fluid; CSF (Cerebrospinal fluid). Modification of the melarsoprol parent ring to generate other analogous compounds can have a significant impact on its trypanocidal efficacy. The trivalent arsenicals; melarsoprol, melarsen oxide and phenylarsen are highly active with a minimum inhibitory concentration. Usually the transport of melarsoprol into the trypanosome parasite is accomplished by purine tranporters. Purine transport is highly developed in trypanosomes as they do not synthesize nucleic acids and must directly acquire them from their hosts. Resistance The failure of melarsoprol to cure 10% of the late stage sleeping sickness patients possibly relates to the fact that these individuals accumulate levels of the drug in the brain. However, one study has indicated that the levels of drug are similar in the CSF of relapsing and non-relapsing patients, so parasites at other extravascular sites may be key to the treatment failure. In some regions, treatment failures have reached high levels up to 30%. Parasites retrieved from the patients with these treatment failures were less responsive to melarsoprol than parasites isolated from other foci. This clearly points to some form of mutation towards resistance. Indeed arsenic refractory parasites do possess an unusual amino purine transporter which accumulates melarsoprol and the loss of this transporter in the parasite leads to drug resistance. T. brucei contains several of the purine nucleoside transporter activities. [9] Melarsoprol is a good alternative and is used as the first line drug against Human African Trypanosomiasis (HAT) in many countries. This is because the drug has longer intervals between when the dosages should be taken so it requires fewer resources and is therefore cheaper. However melarsoprol is a highly dangerous treatment, only administered by injection under the supervision of a physician. It causes a range of side effects, among them convulsions, fever, unconsciousness etc. It is fatal in and of itself in approx. 10% of the cases. Meanwhile eflornithine is a modern and far less dangerous treatment for HAT but it is expensive not widely available in the market and the money for supplies are usually dependable on donations. Melarsoprol is a good alternative and is used as the first line drug against Human African Trypanosomiasis (HAT) in many countries. This is because the drug has longer intervals between when the dosages should be taken so it requires fewer resources and is therefore cheaper. However melarsoprol is a highly dangerous treatment, only administered by injection under the supervision of a physician. It causes a range of side effects, among them convulsions, fever, unconsciousness etc. It is fatal in and of itself in approx. 10% of the cases. Meanwhile eflornithine is a modern and far less dangerous treatment for HAT but it is expensive not widely available in the market and the money for supplies are usually dependable on donations.

Anne Frank and Frederick Dougalss Essay example -- essays research pap

Anne Frank and Frederick Douglass Everyone has hope in something whether it is possible or seemingly impossible. Anne Frank and Frederick Douglass, among many differences and similarities, both had hope in something others may not have believed to be possible. They never gave up their hope that they so desperately clung to when they were in bondage.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Anne Frank and Frederick Douglass were both held in bondage, each in a different way. Frank was kept from the public eye for fear she would be caught and killed by the Germans. Even before she went into hiding she had to abide by so many restrictions that she had no freedom at all. On the other hand, Douglass was born a slave and had never known what it was like to be free, kept in bondage by his master. Despite everything they both kept their hopes that they would be free one day and people would no longer discriminate against them.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Also, while Frank and Douglass were in bondage they had several people who helped them along the way. They couldn’t have made it without these helpers. Douglass had his master’s wife and the young white boys who helped him learn his alphabet and his basic reading. He also had the Underground Railroad abolitionist to help him on the road to freedom. Frank also had help from some friends of her dad, Kraler and Koophuis. They helped hide them and bring food and supplies to Frank and her family.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In addition to having helpers, Frank and Douglass both were good writers. Even th...

Advantage and Disadvantage of Ojt Essay

What is OJT ? * OJT (On-the-Job Training), sometimes called direct instruction, is one of the earliest forms of training (observational learning is probably the earliest,). It is a one-on-one training located at the job site, where someone who knows how to do a task shows another how to perform it. In antiquity, the kind of work that people did was mainly unskilled or semiskilled work that did not require specialized knowledge. Parents or other community members, who knew how to do a job necessary for survival, passed their knowledge on to the children through direct instruction. Advantages : * Trainees are provided with job experience, an invaluable asset for achieving gainful employment. * Trainees are exposed to the numerous advantages that are associated with being employed. They earn an income through a stipend but they also become more familiar with interpersonal relationships, networking, responsibility and the importance of interdependence within the working environment. * Trainees get an opportunity to prove themselves to an employer and, based on their work performance and the existence of vacancies within the organization, they may eventually be employed on a more permanent basis. * Training time is reduced when compared to traditional off site learning. * From an employer’s prospective, OJT can be an advantage in that it can increase the productivity of workers. Well-trained employees will be better at performing their jobs no matter what type of job they hold. Even though it is costly to train employees, the investment can pay off in the future as workers employ their new skills. Work that is low quality or performed improperly can also be costly; training can help eliminate these issues. Disadvantage: * Traditional OJT relies heavily on an experienced employee to provide the instruction based on what they feel are the most important topics. What is important to one employee may not be important to another. The result is what is learned may vary greatly, depending on who is assigned as the trainer. * Without a structured lesson guide, OJT trainers often forget to cover important information. What is learned is likely to be based on what happened that day rather than on what a new employee needs to know to be safe and productive. * While the hands-on aspect of OJT may appeal to the practical learner, often the underlying theories of operation are not covered in sufficient detail or accuracy. Without this foundation of knowledge, trainees often learn what to do, not why they are doing it, resulting in poor decision making when things don’t go exactly right. * The trainee observes and may adopt the trainer’s habits and attitudes about all aspects of the job including safety, quality, customer service, and relationship with management. Poorly selected trainers can have many unintended consequences. * More prone to errors and risk .

Literature Review Of Vast Rectenna - 1028 Words

7 CHAPTER 2 AMBIENT RF ENERGY HARVESTING COMPONENTS AND LITERATURE REVIEW 2.1 RECTENNA ITS COMPONENT A rectenna is a rectifying antenna, a sort of antenna that is used to convert microwave energy or radio frequency energy into direct current signal that can power low sensor devices. They are modelled as a part of wireless power transmission systems that transmit power through radio waves or electromagnetic waves. A basic rectenna, comprises of a microstrip patch antenna with a RF diode. It is nonlinear rectifying element (for example Schottky diode, Zener diode, IMPATT diode.... etc.). The diode rectifies the alternating current or bidirectional current induced in the patch antenna by the RF waves, to generate DC or unidirectional†¦show more content†¦2.1.2 RECTIFIER A rectifier is an electrical device that converts bi-directional current or alternating current (AC), to unidirectional current or direct current (DC). This process is called rectification. Rectifiers have many uses including high-voltage direct current power transmission systems, in DC power supplies and in detection of radio signals. There are two types of rectifier, the half wave rectifier and the full wave rectifier. In our case, given the need of matching as the less number of components, half wave rectifier has been used. 2.1.2.1 Half Wave Rectifier The half wave rectifier rectifies only half cycle of the AC input waveform. The half wave rectifier consists of a step down transformer, a diode connected to the transformer and a load resistance connected to the cathode side of the diode. 2.1.2.2 Full Wave Rectifier The circuit of full wave rectifier uses two rectifier elements and the transformer with secondary center tapped. One for the positive half cycle and other for the negative half cycle. The output DC in full wave rectifier is twice that of half wave rectifier and the frequency is twice that of the supply frequency. 2.1.3 IMPEDANCE MATCHING Impedance matching is one of the most eminent part of the RF circuits. It is utilized for the purpose of transferring maximum