Their bottoms are the wrong shape The theory of established outsider Essay

Their bottoms are the wrong shape The theory of established outsider relations and female jockeys - Essay Example The argument that women riders are â€Å"outsiders† within the racing figuration is derived from Elias’ theory of established and outsider relations and the method chosen for the study is a s series of eight semi-structured interviews with female jockeys who are already established in their careers. The article starts with a quotation from a female jockey who professes to hate being referred to as a â€Å"female jockey† and this highlights the tension that exists in the minds of many professional women who find themselves a focus of extra attention just because their gender is different from the large majority of participants in a certain field. The historical and cultural dominance of masculinity in sport generally encourages this tendency and racing is quite typical in this respect. Citing Cassidy (2002) and Grimes and Ray (1995) the authors demonstrate that vertical gender segregation is a feature of employment in the sport of racing, with women occupying the majority of low status roles, such as groom, while the higher status roles are generally occupied by men. The existence of male-only trainers is cited as another example of the systematic exclusion of women from prestigious roles, with the direct consequence that women obtain fewer mounts than their male counterparts. After this anecdotal introduction there is a discussion of theoretical concepts such as social habitus, insider and outsider, group disgrace and group charisma. The term â€Å"habitus† is drawn again from Elias, rather than Bourdieu, and defined as â€Å"second nature† (Van Krieken, 1998, p. 47) or â€Å"the level of personality characteristics which individuals share in common with fellow members of their group† (Mennell, 1992, p. 30). The authors emphasise a collective view of habitus, in terms of the way a whole society develops over time, again following Elias, rather than the more personal, psychogenic approach of Bourdieu, although both psych ogenic and sociogenic aspects in habitus are recognised as important. The concept of power is discussed in terms of its relational and processual role, as a constant factor in all human relationships. Here again, the collective aspects are highlighted, and the authors cite the example of group power relations between an estate and a village in the work of Elias and Scotson (1964/1994). The terms â€Å"insider† and â€Å"outsider† describe not just the physical location of these two groups, but the differences that they perceive in their own role, and the power relationship that exists between the two. The power differences in the Elias and Scotson study was internalised by both groups, so that the insider villagers developed a positive â€Å"group charisma† image while the outsider estate inhabitants internalised a largely negative we-image. This is accepted by Velija and Flynn as a valid model which can be applied to other types of interdependent groups in a fi guration, including contexts such as gender relations. A number of studies are cited to demonstrate the outsider groups tend to identify with the insider group rather than with each other and that acceptance of inferior status was generally accepted by the outsider group. The work of Ernst (2003) shows that in sport women can be categorised as outsiders and that they generally have less confidence than men, and are judged both differently and more severely. These patterns are deep seated, and even when organisational change is introduced such as in the merger of women’s and men’s cricket organisations in England and Wales, the established power relations and self-images remain (Velija and Malcolm, 2009). Jockey figuration is examined in detail, starting with the history of women’

Life Cycle Assestment Essay Example for Free

Life Cycle Assestment Essay The automotive industry is major component of the American economy, but also is a very devastating one, which consumes in large quantities natural resources and generates a lot of waste. This industry contributes pollution with toxic substances and fossil fuels. By knowing the Life cycle implication of a specific design materials are the key point for managing and being able to have decision making strategy .The results of the Life cycle analysis of cars provide information on n environmental impact issues. The evaluation of automobiles fueled, new technologies such as electricity and gas units can prove the benefits and decrease the environmental impact. Although none of these alternatives is a clear winner, lowering emissions and improving sustainability is a priority of this industry. Companies such as the Ford Motor Company need future regulation, government priorities and technological developments in order to achieve sustainability. For understanding the end-of-life on a Ford Motor Company vehicle we must define the life cycle concept. By material life cycle I refer to Consecutive and interlinked stages of a product or service system, from the extraction of natural resources to the final disposal.   , as written in the International Organization of Standards (ISO) norm 14040.2. With the knowledge of the life cycle path we can define the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA)?which is also stated under the same above ISO regulation as This concept he ?Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) is A systematic set of procedures for compiling and examining the inputs and outputs of materials and energy and the associated environmental impacts directly attributable to the functioning of a product or service system throughout its life cycle. 1. Life Cycle Assessment is a process to evaluate the environmental burdens associated with a product, process, or activity by identifying the quantity of energy and materials used and wastes released to the environment; and being able to assume the damage it causes to the environmental issues. Ford might make use of this tool for making a compression and to better understand their environmental, social and economical impact. Ford is actively developing and applying life cycle assessment methodologies that can be applied in the vehicle industry supporting Fords Design for Environment approaches LCA is a powerful decision making tool, which identifies the factor that will be used in his process to accomplish a great  decision. This is used as an aid from the industry. The criteria may depend on who is making the decision. This tool is used for tracking system performance for a diversity of criteria like: emissions, energy use, and financial costs, among others. This tool can also ev aluate environmental impacts from the process or the production of a product; it also helps to compare options between competition and consumers. The aluminum, plastic and steel industries are developing new ideas and technologies with automakers in order to study the environmental impact of vehicles. By using the ?life cycle inventory (LCI) (The first step of the LCA the one that uses methods to estimate the environmental performance of a product or process over its entire life cycle) . have studied the energy flows and its uses in extraction of the raw material from the original source , emissions, amount of fuel consumed and the end-of-live of the waste disposal . The average of aluminum has increased in the past decade, as an example is the ?increase from 64 kilograms to 113 per vehicle in 1999. ?The aluminum, steel, plastics and auto industries are cooperating in developing a credible, authoritative database of information that the auto companies can use to meet their customers requirements and enhance the environmental performance of their vehicles, said David Parker, president of the Aluminum Association. 2 As an example of the above explained issue I can make an explanation trough the aluminum use in vehicle assembly. Aluminum saves an equivalent of 20 kilograms of carbon dioxide emission over its lifetime. Due to the reduction of the weight, its recycling properties ( ?In North America, 96 percent of automobiles enter the recycling process,? said Andrew Sharkey, the American Iron and Steel Institutes chief executive officer and president. 2) and energy sources. The energy consumption for aluminum productions are non pollutant and it is very easy material to recycle. No additional scrap exists in aluminum recycling process. Aluminum reduce 10 % of the weight and with it, there is a fuel economy improvement between 6-8 %. Ford itself has reported a 4% improvement in fuel reduction from the 10% weight reduction. Ford produces 24 million cars and truck per year imagines how much they can save not only in an economical area but also  the environmental benefit for not exhausting the natural sources and preserving the planet. In 1999, Ford used about 88 million pounds of recycled non-metallic materials in its products and has set a goal to use more than 132 million pounds of recycled non-metallic material by 2002. A solution for this problem that nowadays it has been a little bit more taken in consideration is the use of alternative fuels and electric vehicles. Alternative Fuel Vehicles (AFVs) use internal combustion engines but run on fuels like compressed natural gas, liquefied petroleum gas, ethanol and many others. Battery electric vehicles (BEVs) use electric motors for propulsion. The motors run on electricity stored on board the vehicles in batteries.? With projects like Hybrid vehicles Hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) combine conventional internal combustion and battery electric powertrains to take advantage of the capabilities of each and the synergies between them and lightweigthing steels material the industry will make a huge contribution to reach sustainability. Full cost accounting is a tool that tries to assign values to all of the society costs, but it is very difficult to apply it properly. Issues like Health management might be useful to understand better this tool. In a free-market society such as the American decisions are not done by a central planning organizations that optimizes the social costs or criteria for society issues , but on the basis of market prices of alternative products and technologies . Ultimately, comparisons between new technologies should be done based on lifecycle assessments for achieving sustainability or at lest an improvement on it.

The House on Clydesdale Lane :: English Literature Essays

The House on Clydesdale Lane The small townhouse always had the inviting fragrance of freshly cut flowers in the morning and the delicious aroma of my mother's secret recipes in the early evening. Anyone who entered was immediately greeted by the fragrances and found themselves staying a little longer than they planned. The delicate light from my grandmother's antique lamp beckoned sleep and the faded striped cushions on the worn living room couch held many a drowsy head in those days. The inside of the house consisted of rooms that were small and barely separated so that you always knew what was going on in the next room. From the living room, you could see my mother giggling at one of my father's corny jokes as they prepared supper together. In the living room, my older brother was most likely teasing my sister and me and tickling us until we screamed. We played games of "go-fish" and Chinese checkers as we waited for supper to be ready. We always ate dinner together in the dining room that barely separated the kitchen from the living room. The dinner table was a small wooden square that had wobbly legs and shook when one of us laughed. Sometimes trivial arguments took place when my brother would hurl mashed potatoes from his spoon at my sister or me. After dinner, my sister and I raced to see who could make it up the stairs first to put our pajamas on for bed. My dad read stories to us and often told us stories from when he was a boy. It was a warm house. It was warm even in the icy winter months when the heat was turned off at night to save money. My younger sister and I snuggled together in the bed we shared and used our hairbrushes as microphones as we lip-synched the songs on our tiny radio. Sometimes during those nights we played "Candyland' when we were supposed to be asleep—until we were caught. The outside of our house looked much like the rest of the houses in the neighborhood. The peeling green paint flaked off into the small patch of dirt my mother used as a flower garden. The sidewalk was gray and covered with brown hopscotch patterns from the tree bark we used as chalk. The front door had an outside door that had a torn and tattered screen that hung down lifelessly.

Hnc health and social care Essay

There are many theories that tend to explain different aspects in human development. According to Encarta Encyclopedia, 2006, these are system of assumptions based on limited information or knowledge, devised to analyze, predict, or otherwise explain the nature or behavior of a specified set of phenomena. In line with the definition, theories remain as conjectures explaining certain occurrences, but never will it attain the grounds earned by laws and principles as universal truths. In Developmental Psychology, theories govern the existence of human growth. Considering the case stated earlier, does it imply that the learning gained in studying this field is not reliable? Not at all. In medicine, when a person developed sickness, doctors try to find its root cause. There are many possible answers as to how and why it was acquired, might be through his/her family’s history, his/her lifestyle and his/her environment. If that’s the situation, would that person hesitate to seek wellness? Likewise, developmental theories offer several answers which unlock the depths of human behavior by studying the causalities of different experiences throughout the life span of a person. It can be quoted from Maurice Merleau-Ponty that every object is the mirror of all other objects. Correspondingly, developmental theories are rooted in different schools of thoughts such as Behaviorism, Gestalt, Humanism, Cognitivism and Psychoanalysis. Using it as their main ingredient, these schools of thoughts presented development in various ways — thus, in different perspectives. Jean Piaget, Erik Erikson and Lawrence Kohlberg are some of theorists who ventured in the field of Psychology, specifically in human development. Consequently, using Thomas’s standard of judgment, this paper aims to weigh, compare and evaluate the assumptions and claims of these proponents. Piaget, a cognitivist and pioneer of the Cognitive Development Theory, focused on the cognitive aspect of human development. He gave a detailed  picture of how thinking is processed among individuals, concluding that the difference between adults’ and children’s thinking is qualitative and not quantitative. He asserted that development occurs in distinct, measurable, and observable stages. Additionally, he made an assumption that developmental growth is independent of experience and based on a universal characteristic. Piaget’s theory assumes that development is unidirectional with all children reaching each stage at approximately at the same age. Kohlberg, an Ameican psychologist, tried to expand the theory of morality that Piaget gave briefly. He assumes that there are 3 levels of morality that each individual faces — Preconventional, Conventional, Post Conventional— that are then subdivided in stages. According to him, children in middle childhood, begin to perceive themselves as responsible to others because of the importance of getting along and of being a good citizen. They seek to act appropriately because people matter to them, not just to avoid punishment. Children’s developing psychological understanding heightens their sensitivity to human needs and contributes to empathy for others. Whereas a preschooler may sympathize with another but not know what to do, older children are more likely to assist a classmate who is attacked by a bully or to raise money to help children in a developing country. Erikson’s Psychosocial Theory of Development traces its roots to Freud’s Psychosexual Theory. He believes that his theory would patch what Freud was unable of discussing. He studied groups of Native American children to help formulate his theories. These studies enabled him to correlate personality growth with parental and societal values. His first book, Childhood and Society (1950), became a classic in the field. As he continued his clinical work with young people, Erikson developed the concept of the â€Å"identity crisis,† an inevitable conflict that accompanies the growth of a sense of identity in late adolescence. Using case studies that were in descriptive methods, Piaget strengthened his works to cite reliable facts about the real world in children. It can be reflected upon his presentation of the mental growth—from sensorimotor stage, to preoperational stage, then to concrete  operational stage and lastly, to formal operational stage— where several features and characteristics were keenly monitored and recorded. In Kohlberg’s theory of Moral Development, he emphasized what could be the current state of morality that a person has if he/she is in that age. In the last activity performed, it was found that the preconventional children depends their action to the possible outcome, might be, if there would be a punishment or a reward. This proves that the theory is reliable. Erikson different from any other theorists, he comprehensively investigated upon the development of an infant to the old age. These are the Trust vs. Mistrust, Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt, Initiative vs. Guilt, Industry vs. Inferiority, Identity vs. Role Confusion, Intimacy vs. Isolation, Generativity vs. Absorption and lastly Integrity vs. Despair. His theory explains that in every stage, a positive or a negative attitude might be developed in an individual. When used to local setting as mainframe, the result can also be the same, though there is inevitable variability among personalities. Most of their assumptions in development of children are simple, very tangible. As to Piaget’s findings regarding the concept of conservation, egocentrism, schema formation and some other features he had recorded, applying it in the local setting will be easy. Differently from Freud, there is no hidden element, (i.e., the id,) that would entail controversy. As to Kohlberg, his works were anchored as that of Piaget’s, therefore his works were also simple and can be clearly understandable. Erikson although, theory is psychoanalytically founded, showed clearness among his theory as well as Kohlberg. Their theories enable many to relate easily. However, with a belief that development is unidirectional and that the biological development drives the movement from one cognitive stage to the next, Piaget showed no proof that the thinking process expressed on a former stage would predict the cognition in the latter stage and vice versa. But perhaps, the thought of having mental growth as universal to every individual with respect to the stages that Piaget constructed may tell what  the next cognitive feature a person can express. In Kohlberg’s theory, he assumed that one might not attain the next stage remaining to show manifestations of the former. His work doesn’t predict what would happen in the future, actually, if a person would arrive or not arrive to the next level is already an uncertainty. Different to Erikson, where he believed that the attitudes such as trust, initiative, intimacy and the like that had developed in a certain stage would have an effect in the future. For example, he asserted that if an individual has a positive outlook in life and maintains hope though facing unexpected events in life, that individual when he/she was an infant might had been taken good care of and had developed trust with the maternal person. Furthermore, many educators and parents base their strategies with Piaget’s perspective. In rearing a child, he contributed largely to the field of language and education. In the development of language, his assumptions of Language Acquisition Device (LAD) as innate in infancy were widely appreciated. Therefore, educational implications were fleshed out from his theory considering what could be the best possible approach in enabling children to unleash their potentials. Regarding Kohlberg, his theory is widely used as basis on how to face moral dilemmas that occur in a life span of every individual, particularly in child’s life. Erikson’s stages of ritualization are also considered on how a person would handle decisions and priorities in life. As to the internal consistency in the theory, the mental characteristics and features manifesting on a specific stage and their gradual change are thoroughly explained. For example, the realism and animism, both occurring in the preoperational stage, he cleared out that their existence are inversely related. Consistency can also be inferred in the whole theory. Even though he compared his work to Freud’s and Spinoza’s, Piaget remained intact with the perception that he was holding. It was never mixed. These can also be observed to Kohlberg and Erikson’s theories. Their terminologies, concepts and perception didn’t shift. Several convincing ideas can be presented by Piaget to support his theory. In relation to the last activity performed by the class which was the observation of early childhood, he asserted that preoperational children display certain characteristics such as transductive reasoning, irreversibility, artificialism and centering. When tested, it was amazing to see that the findings gained by Piaget and the findings gained by the section have great resemblance to each. Same thing happens in their findings, when Kohlberg was used as a mainframe. Despite this occurrence, some of Piaget’s ideas have been supported through more correlational and experimental methodologies, some portions of the theory when compared to other researches, give a result that the data from similar cross-sectional studies do not support the assertion that all individuals will automatically move to the next cognitive stage as they biologically mature. Indeed, this implies an unproven assumption that is somehow disconfirmable. As to Kohlberg and Erikson, some of their finding doesn’t match with the current researches done. As mentioned earlier, Piaget’s perception didn’t only enrich the field of psychology but rather shared some insights in language, education and morality. His work is collaborative — it can build another and it can rebuild itself. Example of ‘building another’ is Vygotsky’s Socio-cultural Theory and Kohlberg’s Moral Development Theory. These two gained grounds in psychology by the strengths of Piaget. Vygotsky criticized Piaget’s assumptions and later on was able to make a theory and Kohlberg, because of inspiration in Piaget’s work, tried to expand some aspects that he found lacking in the Cognitive Development Theory. As to ‘rebuilding itself’, up until now, Neo-Piagetians continually improve the theory made by their lead proponent. Although rooted from another’s works, Erikson and Kohlberg established theories on their own that may stand coequal with the others. As of today, their works are being taug ht and learnt by many. Piaget led to forming a theory when he asked his two children to express their beliefs in a particular situation. Since he is the founder of  Cognitivism, his work possesses novelty. As long as it is in relation to cognition and comprehension, this theory may provide the answer about the different phenomena encountered by individuals in a certain point of time. This is also true in Kohlberg’s and Erikson’s theories— as long as morality and psychosocial aspects of growth are concerned, their theories can provide the answer.

Tram Accident and Driver Vision Enhancement

As a university student, you will need to continue your education by reading informative texts often and carefully. To practice this skill your homework assignment is to choose an article from a reputable source and read it. Your research reports should be completed on topics or themes related to your research topic somehow. You will need to print or make a copy of your article and attach it to this report.After reading an article of your choice from either: Newsweek Magazine, Time Magazine, Reader's Digest, or National Geographic Magazine answer the questions low. Do not write the title as an answer to any of the questions below other than number 1. Do not copy from the article. All answers should be in your own words. Proofread your writing for grammar, spelling, and punctuation mistakes. 1. Title: a printed copy also): 2. Author: 3. Source (Include 4. Date Published: 5. Why did the author write this article? Use a complete sentence. Points) Brian Dads wrote this article to explain the new technologies that help to reduce car crashes. Also, he represents the number of death, injured or disabled around the world. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), more than 1. Million people worldwide die every year as a result of car crashes. This figure represents an average of 3242 people dying every day around the world. In addition to these deaths, between 20 million and 50 million people globally are estimated to be injured or disabled every year.Use correct punctuation (Points). Explain in two or three sentences what it meant to you and why you like/dislike this quote (Points). Use the space provided. The article titled † New Technologies to Reduce Road Accidents † reported that technology will significantly reduce the number of people killed in car accidents, currently more than 1. 2 million people per year worldwide.. The author wrote, † If drivers won't act to reduce road deaths, maybe technology will do the Job â€Å"(Dads 2010 ). T his quote is useful because it has shown that 150 points possible

My Dissertation

My Dissertation My Dissertation My Dissertation I do not remember myself being as happy as I was yesterday, when I finally received my diploma. My dissertation dealt with automobile pollution. I have always been interested in ecology. The city where I live is badly polluted, and it gets worse year after year. The reason is that there are two plants and some coal mines here, and, of course, the cars are uncountable! I have always been concerned about the ecological situation in my town, as it hurts to see how my beloved city is slowly approaching an ecological disaster. So when I was assigned to write a dissertation, I was happy that I could choose the topic myself. In my dissertation I tried to find how the city population can help reduce the automobile pollution. I addressed the staff, and I was happy to find a supervisor who agreed to help me. My Dissertation Troubles The troubles started when I passed over to collecting evidence for my dissertation. Unfortunately, I could not find the necessary amount of s ources. The information I found was out of date, and it was not enough. When I went to the university library the result was the same, they brought me some journals that were almost useless. My supervisor told me that he could only guide me and give me an advice when needed, but I should collect the evidence myself. So I was stuck with my dissertation, I could not continue work because I just did not have information to analyze. I felt that I was just losing time, I was depressed and frustrated and felt that my diploma was in danger. My Dissertation Writing Service Luckily, my friend told me about this dissertation writing service. I was really happy to know that a competent writer would help me, it was like a sunrise deep in hell! The writers of this service have access to thousands online sources, and it appeared not difficult to find just what I needed. So after my dissertation was carefully written and checked, I submitted it. My dissertation was a big success! In Case You H ave A Problem Now I am happy to have my diploma. I am so grateful to my friend who advised me to address this service! I heard about services like this before but I was not sure if they could be trusted. But I had to take chances, and I was right! Now I know that in case I have any problems with my written tasks again I will know who to address.

How To Grow Instant Sheet Crystals

How To Grow Instant Sheet Crystals You can grow crystals in seconds. It doesnt take special solutions or complicated equipment. You have all the ingredients in your kitchen. Lets do it! Difficulty: Easy Time Required: Crystals form in seconds What You Need Cookie sheet or glass panHot waterCrystal chemical (e.g., alum or Epsom salt)Food coloring (optional) Heres How Make a crystal growing solution. You can use any recipe. Great choices would be Epsom salt (magnesium sulfate, sold with laundry or bath products) or alum (from the spice section of the grocery store) stirred into very hot water until no more will dissolve. Add a little food coloring.Pour a little solution onto a cookie sheet or glass pan. Its okay if the liquid is still hot.Tilt the pan around to spread out the solution. Youll see a fan of crystals form as the liquid evaporates, similar to frost on a windowpane. Tips You dont need very much solution at all! If you have a puddle of liquid in your pan, that is too much. Pour some off and let the bottom dry. The evaporation goes more quickly if the pan is warm, but its not really necessary to heat it (in other words, avoid burns).Try viewing the crystals through a microscope. Polarized light displays gorgeous colors!Another option is to crystallize the solution onto a sheet or plate of clear glass or plastic. Once the crystals have dried, hold the plate up to light. Examine the crystals using a magnifying glass. What do you see if you wear polarized sunglasses?

Definition of American Lyceum Movement

Definition of American Lyceum Movement The American Lyceum Movement inspired a popular trend of adult education  in the 1800s as scholars, authors, and even local citizens, would give lectures to local chapters of the organization. Town lyceums became important gathering places for civically engaged Americans. Lyceum speakers came to include luminaries such as Ralph Waldo Emerson and Henry David Thoreau. A future president, Abraham Lincoln, gave his first public address at a Lyceum meeting in his adopted hometown of Springfield, Illinois, on a winter night in 1838. originated with Josiah Holbrook, a teacher and amateur scientist who became a passionate advocate for volunteer educational institutions in towns and villages. The name lyceum came from the Greek word for the public meeting space where Aristotle lectured. Holbrook began a lyceum in Millbury, Massachusetts in 1826. The organization would host educational lectures and programs, and with Holbrook’s encouragement the movement spread to other towns in New England. Within two years, approximately 100 lyceums had been started in New England and in the Middle Atlantic states. In 1829, Holbrook published a book, American Lyceum, which described his vision of a lyceum and gave practical advice for organizing and maintaining one. The opening of Holbrooks book stated: â€Å"A Town Lyceum is a voluntary association of individuals disposed to improve each other in useful knowledge, and to advance the interests of their schools. To gain the first object, they hold weekly or other stated meetings, for reading, conversation, discussion, illustrating the sciences, or other exercises designed for their mutual benefit; and, as it is found convenient, they collect a cabinet, consisting of apparatus for illustrating the sciences, books, minerals, plants, or other natural or artificial productions.† Holbrook listed some of the â€Å"advantages which have already arisen from the Lyceums,† which included: The improvement of conversation. Holbrook wrote: â€Å"Subjects of science, or other topics of useful knowledge, take the place of frivolous conversation, or petty scandal, frequently indulged, and uniformly deplored, in our country villages.†Directing amusements for children. In other words, providing activities that would be useful or educational.Calling into use neglected libraries. Holbrook noted that libraries in small communities often fell into disuse, and he believed the educational activity of a lyceum would encourage people to patronize libraries.Increasing the advantages, and raising the character of, district schools. At a time when public education was often haphazard and disorganized, Holbrook believed that community members involved in a lyceum would be a useful adjunct to local classrooms. In his book, Holbrook also advocated for a â€Å"National Society for the improvement of popular education.† In 1831 a National Lyceum organization was started and it specified a constitution for lyceums to follow. The Lyceum Movement Spread Widely Holbrook’s book and his ideas proved to be extremely popular. By the mid-1830s the Lyceum Movement had grown enormously. More than 3,000 lyceums were operating in the United States, a remarkable number considering the small size of the young nation. The most prominent lyceum was one organized in Boston, which was led by Daniel Webster, renowned lawyer, orator, and political figure. A particularly memorable lyceum was the one at Concord, Massachusetts, as it was regularly attended by authors Ralph Waldo Emerson and Henry David Thoreau. Both men were known to deliver addresses at the lyceum that would later be published as essays. For instance, the Thoreau essay later titled â€Å"Civil Disobedience† was presented in its earliest form as a lecture at the Concord Lyceum in January 1848. Lyceums Were Influential in American Life The lyceums scattered throughout the nation were gathering places of local leaders, and many political figures of the day got their start by addressing a local lyceum. Abraham Lincoln, at the age of 28, gave a speech to the lyceum in Springfield, Illinois in 1838, ten years before he would be elected to Congress and 22 years before he would be elected president. By speaking at the Lyceum, Lincoln followed a familiar path of other young aspiring politicians. The Lyceum Movement gave them a chance to gain some respect in their local communities, and helped lead the way toward political careers. And in addition to homegrown speakers, lyceums were also known to host prominent traveling speakers. The records of the Concord Lyceum indicate that visiting speakers included the newspaper editor Horace Greeley, the minister Henry Ward Beecher, and the abolitionist Wendell Phillips. Ralph Waldo Emerson was in demand as a lyceum speaker, and made a living traveling and giving lectures at lyceums. Attending lyceum programs were a very popular form in entertainment in many communities, especially during winter nights. The Lyceum Movement peaked in the years before the Civil War, though it did have a revival in the decades after the war. Later Lyceum speakers included the author Mark Twain, and the great showman Phineas T. Barnum, who would give lectures on temperance. Sources: Josiah Holbrook. Encyclopedia of World Biography, 2nd ed., vol. 7, Gale, 2004, pp. 450-451. Gale Virtual Reference Library. Ljungquist, Kent P. Lyceums.  American History Through Literature 1820-1870, edited by Janet Gabler-Hover and Robert Sattelmeyer, vol. 2, Charles Scribners Sons, 2006, pp. 691-695.  Gale Virtual Reference Library. Holbrook, J. Josiah Holbrooks Letter on the Farmers Lyceum.  American Eras: Primary Sources, edited by Sara Constantakis, et al., vol. 4: Reform Era and Eastern U.S. Development, 1815-1850, Gale, 2014, pp. 130-134.  Gale Virtual Reference Library.

Outline some of the difficulties for learners of english posed by the Essay

Outline some of the difficulties for learners of english posed by the english verbs system, both in form and meaning. suggest steps to a teacher on how to overcome these difficulties - Essay Example The action could have taken place in the past, in the present, or in the future. This calls for use of different tenses such as past, present or future tenses when describing the actions (Miendt 200). The learners are hence unable to correctly use them due to their inexperience in the use and meaning. The difficulty can be avoided by extensive reading in order for a learner to get used to tenses, as well as, continuous practice and use of English in everyday life. The other difficulty is poor formation of the verb string. There are some sentences that have a complicated structure. For example, a single string may comprise of auxiliaries and principles, as well as, a modal verb. The learners are unable to collect the parts of the string and put them in the correct order. This makes the learners use them incorrectly thereby distorting meaning. Multi –word verbs also pose great difficulties to the learners. These difficulties present themselves both in grammatical form and lexical meaning. Due to the fact that the verbs have more than one meaning, the learners have difficulty in interpreting the meaning where the same phrase is used in different contexts. These challenges can be overcomed by use of simple sentences that are easy to understand, as well as, making sure the learners understand the various meanings of each verb (Leech 11). The Chinese learners have difficulty in pronouncing English words correctly, as well as, reading English texts. This is because the Chinese words are not made up of letters as in the case of English where there are alphabets. The Chinese also have difficulty in stress and intonation. Since certain English phonemes do not exist in Chinese, it becomes difficult to pronounce these words properly, as difference in meaning is often distinguished by the pitch of the phoneme sound in Chinese language. It is important to note that phoneme sounds in English are

Business Economics Referred Coursework Assignment Essay

Business Economics Referred Coursework Assignment - Essay Example Middle East suffered a decline of wheat production of 7.4 million tons or about 19 percent because of the worst drought the country had experienced in 2008. (Commodity Intelligence Report, 15 December 2008) China and Iran, had each, reported worse effects of droughts to wheat crops. Drought in China as of October, 2010 had affected 7.73 million hectares of wheat plantation (China Daily). Iran estimated a decline of their 2008 production by 20% due to effects of drought (USDA Foreign Agricultural Service. 15 December 2008). A decline in production would mean a gap in supply and demand that raises price. The price of wheat is also affected by the weakening US dollar because this will mean a decline in the purchasing power of a dollar. The U.S. dollar is a world trading currency; meaning all prices of commodities are linked to its price, and devaluation would have a great impact to international trade. In anticipation of devaluation, all countries will immediately raise their prices. Co mmodities such as wheat, oil, coffee, etc. will now set their price records to protect their investments. Farmers know that the dollars they are receiving for the wheat is declining in purchasing power, so they have to adjust their prices in anticipation for the devaluation; that is why we have a higher price of wheat now. As an example, if the US dollar declines by 30%, and the farmer has $1 million in wheat, his million dollars will now be able to buy $700,000 worth of goods or services, so he lost $300,000 in purchasing power. 2. Identify the factors that determine the demand for goods and services in general? Consider how these factors affect the demand for wheat. In general, determinants of demand are income, tastes, prices of related goods and services, expectations and the number of buyers. We know that if we lower the price of a good without altering its quality or quantity, people will flock to you to buy as this the law of demand. We will illustrate the law of demand by ex ample in demand for wheat. The law of demand applies to a well defined good – the wheat. Then the second phase indicates that people must not only want to purchase the wheat but must be able to purchase the wheat in order to be counted as part of demand. But although willing, consumer is not able at the price of $111.00, so buyer thinks of something else to replace the need for wheat. The next step is to think of the price and quantity demanded; that is as the price rises, the quantity demanded falls, and as the price falls, the quantity demanded increases. 3. What are the major factors increasing the demand for wheat? [Make sure you use the concept of income elasticity of demand for wheat (Ardy, 2010, p. 5). The factors that increase demand for wheat are price, price of substitute goods; preferences, population and income. These factors are discussed in the following paragraphs. Price. As the price of wheat increases, assuming that all other factors remain equal, less people would demand for wheat. The demand slope is downward looking . As the price of wheat increases, people would naturally avoid consumption and look for substitute products that they would value more. The price of substitute goods. A substitute product is a good or service which may be bought instead of another when the price of the latter changes or if it becomes unavailable. For instance, the increase in wheat price will increase in the demand for corn,

How and why did the Industrial Revolution change the class system of Research Paper

How and why did the Industrial Revolution change the class system of Great Britain - Research Paper Example The low class was at the lowest level of the pyramid and was made of majority of the British population who worked in the farms and industries owned by other citizens. The upper class was the top most system and was majorly made of the members of the royal family among other rich and influential members of the societies. The emergence of the industrial revolution in the country created a major shift in the class system in the country, resulting into an upset and the empowerment of the low class citizens. Industrial revolution created a major shift on the traditional class systems in the country and led to the empowerment and enlightenment of the low class. Industrial revolution changed the British social fabric in a number of ways and this influenced the position of the low and high class citizens alike. During this period in the history of Great Britain, the citizens thinking and behavior was confined to their status in the society. This created a situation where emphasis was placed on the position of the family and the place of birth of an individual as opposed to their abilities and skills2. However, the emergence of the industrial revolution during the Victorian period completely changed everything in the country. As opposed to emphasis and focus on the social hierarchy, this period witnessed a shift towards economic class and empowerment. The industrial revolution contributed to the shuttering of the traditional Georgian society and focuses on social class and defined the new Victorian era. The 18th century social changes that were witnessed in Great Britain came as a result of the new invention, legislations and impetus that added to the country’s economy3. Before the industrial revolution, the royal reserve and bank system was under the control of the high class members of the society. Few citizens were allowed to access loans and therefore participate in the different industrial and agricultural

Life of galileo lalilei Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Life of galileo lalilei - Research Paper Example His views that the Earth is not the center of the Universe therefore created more resentment and opposition than the work of any other scientist during that era. However, despite the opposition of the mighty, the ideas of Galileo prevailed and the world was able to develop a modern system of astronomy and physics which has evolved and culminated into the current model of science. Society has therefore benefited a lot from his work and how it really shaped the way science as a whole has evolved over the period of time. This paper will therefore argue that Galileo Galilie was a rebel scientist and his ideas and work has greatly changed the way is now progressing. The overall context of his work will also be presented. Galileo Galilie Born in 1564, Galileo became one of the most important scientists in the history of science who laid the foundations for the modern science. During his early life, he seriously considered to become a priest however, due to his father’s insistence he went on to study in the University of Pisa for a medical degree. However, he was not able to complete his degree and went on to study mathematics instead of medical sciences. It was during that era that his overall interests for the mathematics and other physical sciences started to develop. He was later appointed on different teaching assignments and his real contribution towards science started to emerge during the early part of the 17th century. At University of Padua he was able to develop different scientific theories and contributed not only towards the pure fundamental science but towards the applied science also. Galileo therefore is also famous for his contributions for inventing new technology and setting the foundations for technological innovations. (Hilliam) During that time he went on to make some of the most important discoveries and invented many equipment which allowed scientists to perform mathematical calculations relatively easily. It was also during that period that Galileo started to evolve as one of the most established scientists of his time. The conflict between the Galileo’s discoveries and scientific faith however, was believed to be in direct conflict with the established religious orthodox thought of that time. Over the period of time, Galileo through his hard work produced scientifically accurate theories however the unacceptability of his ideas despite the fact that Galileo was a religious person all through his life. It was also because of his religious beliefs that he could not take up his illegitimate daughters and asked them to spend most of their lives in church. (McNeese) He was accused of heresy and was later sent for inquisition which he survived only after retracting from his earlier position thus giving Church time to establish and re-establish its own authority. Scientists as Rebels It is argued that scientists always remained rebels as throughout the entire history of Science; scientists have uncovered or disc ussed issues that were considered as unacceptable as per the norms of the society. This tendency seems to continue till today where scientists, despite their innovation and creativity are still considered as agitators because what they discuss and achieve may take time to get the acceptance

Evans, Wittkower, Norman Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Evans, Wittkower, Norman - Essay Example When you think about it, it is clear in one sense that we have emotional relationships with the things that we use on a regular basis, and which allow us to do our work and to connect with the people we love, or else allow us to do the things that we love doing. For instance, people have emotional connections with their cars and their bicycles, and this is something that advertisers understand so well. When companies market cars, for instance, there is the explicit connection that advertisers try to establish between the car as the product itself, and the way the car represents a range of emotions and relationships with people dear to car buyers. A family sedan advertised, for instance, would highlight the fun and happy things that families can do with the family sedan. The better the emotional connection made between the potential buyer and the car, the higher the prospects of buyers becoming interested enough to give the car a try. In this case, emotions pique interest and elicit r esponse. Where there is ownership of a vehicle for instance, even a bicycle, then the emotional connection is sometimes intense. People sometimes get buried with their most favorite things, with their bicycles, with their Swiss knives, and with their cell phones. Whether the emotional connection is because of the great utility of the thing, or because of something that is designed into the thing in order to elicit hopefully positive emotional connections, it is clear that the things that people own are not just things that are devoid of emotional context. People buy and keep things on the basis of how they feel about using the things that they buy, is something that is so obvious in the way products and services are marketed, that it is absurd to overlook just how important it is to listen to Don Norman talk about imputing emotional characteristics in to the very design of products. It is clear too, from the work ethic and philosophy of the man, that the ability to elicit an emotion al response is a core tenet of his design philosophy (Norman, 2012; Norman, 2012b): My field is Human-Centered Design: making products that people can use, that fit their needs, that excite them and are enjoyable. The United States leads the world in human-centered design. This is true in all domains: computer and cellphone applications, industrial equipment, work tools for professionals, and of course home and consumer electronics. It is not an accident that the entire world relies on our operating systems: Apple, Google, and Microsoft for phones; Apple and Microsoft for computers (Norman, 2012) To put it another way, it makes perfect sense that Norman asserts that it is good design to impute emotional considerations when undertaking the design of products, while also making sure that the most important product attributes as perceived by the consumer are met. For instance, imputing emotional inputs into smart phone design does not mean always that the designs include smileys at the back plates of the phones. It does mean that where the functionalities, the necessary technologies, and such product attributes as sturdiness and reliability are met, then other aspects of design, such as colors and aesthetics, can then impute more ineffable emotional characteristics. Looking at cell phones and computers, for instance, the very robustness of the technology and the excellence of certain products in terms of reliability and build quality are themselves wellsprings of positive emotions for the buyer. Those are positive emotions brought about by the excellence of the engineering. On the other hand, where the design also imputes thoughtful ergonomics and tasteful, positive colors explicitly, to induce certain positive emotions, then those are the design elements that help establish the added pull for a positive relationship between the cell phone

Clinical Research Informatics Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Clinical Research Informatics - Assignment Example Clinical research informatics primarily derives its importance from the fact that it is the lynchpin which links the innovative technologies to their use in the patient care (Majumder, 2012). Clinical research informatics facilitates the ongoing dialogues among both practitioners and researchers in their constant surge to create a dynamic environment of clinical research. â€Å"The development of CRI†¦drives a growing pool of scientific literature based on original CRI research, and high-impact tools and systems will be developed† (Richesson and Andrews, 2012). Health care organizations benefit from the clinical research informatics as they unveil innovative treatment options for the diseases to improve the quality of health care. Clinical research informatics enhance the translational continuum on four levels; â€Å"basic research to clinical trials (T1), clinical trials to academic health center practice (T2), diffusion and implementation to community practice (T3), an d ‘real world’ outcomes (T4)† (Kahn and Weng, 2012). Hence, clinical research informatics make it possible for the health care organizations to apply the theoretical knowledge to practical

Evans, Wittkower, Norman Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Evans, Wittkower, Norman - Essay Example When you think about it, it is clear in one sense that we have emotional relationships with the things that we use on a regular basis, and which allow us to do our work and to connect with the people we love, or else allow us to do the things that we love doing. For instance, people have emotional connections with their cars and their bicycles, and this is something that advertisers understand so well. When companies market cars, for instance, there is the explicit connection that advertisers try to establish between the car as the product itself, and the way the car represents a range of emotions and relationships with people dear to car buyers. A family sedan advertised, for instance, would highlight the fun and happy things that families can do with the family sedan. The better the emotional connection made between the potential buyer and the car, the higher the prospects of buyers becoming interested enough to give the car a try. In this case, emotions pique interest and elicit r esponse. Where there is ownership of a vehicle for instance, even a bicycle, then the emotional connection is sometimes intense. People sometimes get buried with their most favorite things, with their bicycles, with their Swiss knives, and with their cell phones. Whether the emotional connection is because of the great utility of the thing, or because of something that is designed into the thing in order to elicit hopefully positive emotional connections, it is clear that the things that people own are not just things that are devoid of emotional context. People buy and keep things on the basis of how they feel about using the things that they buy, is something that is so obvious in the way products and services are marketed, that it is absurd to overlook just how important it is to listen to Don Norman talk about imputing emotional characteristics in to the very design of products. It is clear too, from the work ethic and philosophy of the man, that the ability to elicit an emotion al response is a core tenet of his design philosophy (Norman, 2012; Norman, 2012b): My field is Human-Centered Design: making products that people can use, that fit their needs, that excite them and are enjoyable. The United States leads the world in human-centered design. This is true in all domains: computer and cellphone applications, industrial equipment, work tools for professionals, and of course home and consumer electronics. It is not an accident that the entire world relies on our operating systems: Apple, Google, and Microsoft for phones; Apple and Microsoft for computers (Norman, 2012) To put it another way, it makes perfect sense that Norman asserts that it is good design to impute emotional considerations when undertaking the design of products, while also making sure that the most important product attributes as perceived by the consumer are met. For instance, imputing emotional inputs into smart phone design does not mean always that the designs include smileys at the back plates of the phones. It does mean that where the functionalities, the necessary technologies, and such product attributes as sturdiness and reliability are met, then other aspects of design, such as colors and aesthetics, can then impute more ineffable emotional characteristics. Looking at cell phones and computers, for instance, the very robustness of the technology and the excellence of certain products in terms of reliability and build quality are themselves wellsprings of positive emotions for the buyer. Those are positive emotions brought about by the excellence of the engineering. On the other hand, where the design also imputes thoughtful ergonomics and tasteful, positive colors explicitly, to induce certain positive emotions, then those are the design elements that help establish the added pull for a positive relationship between the cell phone

Assignment about ethics 4 Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

About ethics 4 - Assignment Example What are the defining / distinguishing features of moral courage? Elaborate to clarify what you mean by each. By definition there are five essential parts of moral courage, which include: existence and identification of a moral situation, moral choice, behavior, individuality, and fear. By counting existence and identification of a moral situation, it is meant that without a situation to prove the presence of moral courage in a person, the virtue of moral courage cannot be vindicated. By identifying the moral situation, the onlooker gets charged to react due to one’s inherent ethical values. The inherent values and principles compel the observer to react to the emerged situation. This leads to the second distinct feature of moral courage – moral choice (Miller, 2005). A person facing a moral situation must take a decision related to the moral alternative. By invoking the moral values and principles, the person must take not a legal but morally right decision (Miller, 20 05). The third feature of moral courage is behavior because it draws a line between moral courage and moral reasoning. Just thinking what should be done to come over the moral issue and actually doing that right action are two different things. It is behavior that leads to doing the right action (Miller, 2005). ... Fear is the last quality of a morally courageous person. He or she must acknowledge to oneself that fear of the negative outcome must be overpowered to take a morally courageous action. This fear factor is not to be managed outwardly, but it is an inner realization to face the situation, decide, and behave as per the decision taken. Facing and overpowering fear means one is ready to pay the price of one’s fearless behavior (Miller, 2005). Why is moral courage important? i.e., why are scholars interested in studying moral courage? Moral courage is important to keep intact the moral fiber of our life and society. Moral courage denotes strong will power that provides support to other human virtues. Human beings can gain heightened degree of perfection or sanctity of the heart through moral courage. A morally virtuous individual dedicating life for accomplishing good deeds cannot let others use wrong means. That’s why it is all the more important to teach and develop moral virtues among children through story-telling (Miller, 2005). Question 2: Answer to part (a) Think about a time that you either (a) displayed moral courage or (b) opted not to act in a morally courageous way. Describe the situation. Indicate what occurred, what you decided to you, what factors might have contributed to your decision and the outcome. Is there anything you might do differently if you faced that situation again? Or, is there anything you learned from class that might better prepare you / help you to manage better if you faced that situation again. It happened five years back. I was traveling in a train to reach back to my hostel after spending vacations at home with my family. The compartment I was traveling was fully

Smoking Cause and Effect Essay Example for Free

Smoking Cause and Effect Essay Smoking Cause and Effect All people have habits. Some people have negative or positive habits. Smoking is one of these negative habits. Most smokers started smoking when they were young. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention no one starts smoking after age Twenty-five. Nearly nine out of ten smokers started smoking by age eighteen. They started smoking to try it out then smoking became a habit. Some young smokers were attracted by the advertisements of cigarette companies. Also, they wanted to resemble the movie stars. Even though the reasons for smoking are varied, the results are the same. Smokers suffer illnesses, losing beloved family members, and losing money. Smoking becomes a habit for different reasons. Some of these reasons are that nicotine is addictive. Another reason is smoking a number of cigarettes per day, and the feeling that comes from putting a cigarette between two fingers or the feeling that comes from breathless smoking fume and keeping it inside their lung. Also, smokers become accustomed to smoking in specific situations such as when they watch movies, play video games, visit particular web sites, or stressful occupation such as facing work problems. In addition, most cigarette companies search for what young smokers are interested in; they use advertising, promotional activities, packaging, product design, sizing, fruit flavoring to attract new smokers. For instance, when I was nineteen-years old, I saw my friend Joseph who was smoking cigarettes always paying attention to Marlboro advertisement; he was comparing the prices and promotions with other companies.

Americas Racial Freedom :: Free Essays Online

America's Racial Freedom THE ANTI-SLAVERY FAIR & THE LIBERTY BELL: The Beginnings of America’s Racial Freedom 1848 was not a year commonly associated with monumental advancements or changes in the anti-slavery cause in the United States of America. Most individuals today see slavery and the abolitionist movement as an issue that had its beginnings and endings in the 1860s. That particular decade was a complete turning point in the history of our country; however, the long hard road that finally led to the emancipation of slaves tends to be overlooked. From the moment that the first slave stepped foot upon American soil, there were individuals who believed in a greater cause – humanity. Considered radicals at the time because of their comparatively reprehensible ideals, abolitionists traveled across the United States spreading a message of freedom and equality for all mankind. Unfortunately, most of the following generations did not have the opportunity to see these movers and shakers in action. With initial appearances around 1820, one of the only strong remaining links we have to tea ch us about this cause are the manuscripts, stories, poems, and other literary works written by those that were unafraid to bear their souls in hopes of forming a new way of life in American society (â€Å"Mosaic†). The United States of America was undoubtedly a late bloomer when it came to accepting new ideas regarding the validity of slavery. British radicals had formed a group called the Anti-Slavery Society in the late eighteenth century to put an end to slavery within British colonies, a task the organization accomplished. Nearly fifty years later, the Americans adapted their own version of this group, ingeniously calling themselves the American Anti-Slavery Society (AASS) (â€Å"American Anti-Slavery Society†). The lack of ingenuity in naming this organization did not at all reflect upon the enthusiasm and hard work these individuals put into their cause. This newly established abolitionist group came into the public’s eye without any hesitation and they projected a harsh reality to sympathizers and slave owners alike. Their goal was to let their message be heard by as many Americans as possible, which led to the publication of numerous anti-slavery periodicals. These periodi cals were sold at the abolitionist fairs being held regularly all over the country. With these anti-slavery crusades in full swing, controversy also developed regarding the idea of women in leadership positions. In an era where women had just about as many rights as the black folk, many stubborn white men called their expertise into question.

In Someone Elses Eyes :: War Essays

In Someone Else's Eyes Many young people develop our concept of war through our schooling and the media. We had no knowledge of what war is first hand until the current "war on terrorism." Still the majority of us have not seen warfare up close; we have not felt the many emotions that warfare carries with it. For many individuals war brings pain and suffering, while for others it brings freedom and liberation. According to the Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, war is "an actual intentional and widespread armed conflict between political communities"(Orend). This definition is flexible enough to include civil wars while not too broad to exclude conflicts in trade. There are several positions that one can hold when it comes to war. The three main positions held are political realism, just war theory, and pacifism. Political realists believe a country should go to war if it is in their national interest. Just war theorists' believe that war is okay in certain situations as long as the country follows the "rules of war." Pacifists believe that war is never okay and is always wrong. For my Honors 103 class at California State University San Bernardino I was required to interview a war Veteran. Going into this interview I believed in the just war theory. This interview only reinforced my beliefs. Only those who have experienced war first hand truly understand war. The closest I can come to this understanding without participating in war myself is to learn about those experiences from people who have been through them and try to put myself in their shoes, to try to experience war through them. This will give me the foundation needed to understand war and what comes along with it. I hope to do this by sharing with you my experience interviewing a war veteran. I interviewed Leo Maas, a former soldier who fought for our country in both World War II and in the Korean War. The experiences he shared with me were unexpected. He put war into a new light for me. When Leo joined the Navy, he was only 17, and the WWII had yet to begin. Before the war had even begun, he saw the tragedy that it could bring. He spent some time on a crash crew at a flight school, and there were plenty of accidents. So at an age when many teenagers' problems are who to take to the prom, this young soldier had to pick up what was left of these young pilots. In Someone Else's Eyes :: War Essays In Someone Else's Eyes Many young people develop our concept of war through our schooling and the media. We had no knowledge of what war is first hand until the current "war on terrorism." Still the majority of us have not seen warfare up close; we have not felt the many emotions that warfare carries with it. For many individuals war brings pain and suffering, while for others it brings freedom and liberation. According to the Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, war is "an actual intentional and widespread armed conflict between political communities"(Orend). This definition is flexible enough to include civil wars while not too broad to exclude conflicts in trade. There are several positions that one can hold when it comes to war. The three main positions held are political realism, just war theory, and pacifism. Political realists believe a country should go to war if it is in their national interest. Just war theorists' believe that war is okay in certain situations as long as the country follows the "rules of war." Pacifists believe that war is never okay and is always wrong. For my Honors 103 class at California State University San Bernardino I was required to interview a war Veteran. Going into this interview I believed in the just war theory. This interview only reinforced my beliefs. Only those who have experienced war first hand truly understand war. The closest I can come to this understanding without participating in war myself is to learn about those experiences from people who have been through them and try to put myself in their shoes, to try to experience war through them. This will give me the foundation needed to understand war and what comes along with it. I hope to do this by sharing with you my experience interviewing a war veteran. I interviewed Leo Maas, a former soldier who fought for our country in both World War II and in the Korean War. The experiences he shared with me were unexpected. He put war into a new light for me. When Leo joined the Navy, he was only 17, and the WWII had yet to begin. Before the war had even begun, he saw the tragedy that it could bring. He spent some time on a crash crew at a flight school, and there were plenty of accidents. So at an age when many teenagers' problems are who to take to the prom, this young soldier had to pick up what was left of these young pilots.

Television Media Analysis: The Cosby Show

These important interpretations can help individuals cake wise decisions about what they should watch, read, listen to and rely on for Information and entertainment (Barman and Davis). Although many people now rely on sources such as the Internet and smartness for breaking news stories, television still remains a major source for information and entertainment for many Individuals and families. This paper will attempt to presents model for television media analysis using Art Silversmith's keys to media analysis.The TV show that will be analyzed Is regarded as one of the most famous television programs in history, â€Å"The Cowboys Show†. Silversmith's keys for Interpreting media messages as well as critical thinking skills will be incorporated in this selection analysis. In 1939 when television began, blacks were projected as mere servants and simple-minded people. Blacks and whites were certainly depicted as inherently different beings. Early sitcoms in the 1 sass such as Amos n Andy continues with negative portrayals of black people which depicted mostly lazy, loud, uneducated blacks as the stereotype for their race.Then In the sass other sitcoms followed along the same lines such as Sanford and Son and Good Times (Cesareans). The Cowboys Show, which first aired in 1984, was the most popular television program in the nation for four consecutive years and remained a favorite show for a total of seven years. This Important show effectively functioned to change the way Americans would view the roles of race and gender on television forever. The Cowboys Show was a sitcom on NBC about a successful black American family. Cliff, the father, was an obstetrician and his wife Claim was a successful attorney.The story was about their daily lives and challenges of raising five children In a very busy household. The show offered a different theme when compared to all other shows being televised at that time. The Washable family was an upstanding upper-middle class b lack family who offered sharp contrast to other programs that portrayed blacks as stereotypical low- Income, uneducated hustlers (White Racism). Bill Cowboys and script consultant Alvin Postnasal functioned as media communicators as they shared the common purpose of incorporating humor as a means to help project a more positive image of the black American family.They purposefully avoided overt racial issues but chose to SE a softer approach such as referring to the names of black colleges Instead of predominantly white colleges. One of the episodes showed the Washables celebrating Martin Luther King's birthday as they discussed his famous â€Å"l Have a Dream† speech (Cesareans). The use of nationally broadcast television allowed the subtle content of tons snow Into ten majority AT American noses. I Nils post call ruling movement era was a perfect time to provide a more diverse ethnic awareness for the American public. The intended audience for this show included both white a nd black American families.Overt racial issues were avoided in an effort to avoid making the audience uncomfortable. Family values as well as current social issues were common themes on the program. The father, Cliff, also overtly supported his wife's feminist stances on some episodes, which was also not common in the media during that era. This was truly the first family of television for many years. The scripts were constantly screened to make certain that no humor would be demeaning. The show really acted as a catalyst for changing how television portrayed black Americans.

Experience and Perception of Space

Prior cognition can hold an grounding consequence on our perceptual experience about a infinite. Our behavioural response inside a infinite is a decision and a contemplation of our anterior judgement of the infinite. Human encephalon along with seven other senses that include eyes, nose, ears, lingua, skeleton and musculus identify and interpret information and semen to a decision, which is normally known as perceptual experience. This procedure differs from single to single. This can take to different perceptual experience about the same infinite by different persons as they assign different significances to what they perceive. In order to deduce to a percept one needs to undergo the procedure of self-contemplation. This procedure of self-contemplation has been described as observation and contemplation of one’s ain witting ideas and scruples, that involves acquiring familiar with a infinite by deriving practical apprehension of the topic. Hence it becomes really of import to non acquire affected by a 3rd individuals percept but instead follow and rely on one’s ain experience. What a interior decorator or an designer is seeking to convey about the infinite should be brought to each person through his or her ain experience. This essay will be foregrounding that as a user of the infinite one doesn’t demand to hold a anterior cognition before sing it. It will be ideal for the user to deduce to a percept after sing the infinite through interaction of the senses and apprehension of the surrounding in world.The experience can be valuable if a individual does non hold a perceptual experience so that each individual has an single experience, which is non, influenced by person else’s perceptual experience. The subject will be discussed through instance surveies and relevant theories. Finnish designer, Juhani Pallasmaa said, â€Å"A work of art is a world merely when it is experienced, and sing a work of art means animating its dimension of feeling† ( Pallasmaa, 2005 ) . This quotation mark was said in context to explicating the importance of sing a infinite in order to associate to its world. When the user of the infinite personally undergoes its encompassing field he or she is able appreciate the infinite and besides at the same clip actively take portion in activities taking them to link with it in world. At times, experience can be really slippery and debatable. We might experience â€Å" confused, unsure, incoherent, unable to move when we are unable to organize anterior cognition and anterior wont to get by with the exigencies of the minute. â€Å" ( Roschelle 1995, parity. 67 ) Jeremy Roschelle references that pedagogues frequently aim at making experiences that engage pupils in actively bring forthing a sense of understanding the construct and tho ughts for themselves. They frequently inherit the feeling that it is indispensable for pupils to obtain anterior cognition to absorb new constructs. But harmonizing to the research, anterior cognition is characterized as opposing with the learning process, which frequently misguides pupils to unconventional interlingual rendition of constructs and therefore attempts to stamp down, destruct, or replace its influence. In drumhead, in order for new cognition to take the place of the anterior cognition, anterior cognition should must be confronted, challenged, destroyed or erased. ( Roschelle 1995, parity. 38 ) . As a consequence of anterior cognition and perceptual experiences organic structure tends to be thrown into a structured state of affairs where the game is already laid. Meaning where persons have to play harmonizing to the regulations established already. Hence, research workers have described prior cognition as â€Å"presumptions† â€Å"Alternative constructs, † â€Å"naive conceptions† and â€Å"misconceptions† ( Russell 1959 ) . Interior designers of synergistic experiences ought to be sensitive to the diverse position that will be brought by persons during their first manus experience. For illustration, museums and exhibitions are decently situated as finishs for conceptual alteration. They offer visitant with freedom and chances to interact with infinite and objects straight. Attending to the jobs that occur in an experiential exchange, from the position of the scholar and leting infinite and clip for enquiry to originate should be the cardinal concern of the interior decorator. Another concern should be focused on supplying tools that facilitate enquiry to be utile and effectual. Inquiry appears non in the caput, nevertheless in immediate interaction with the universe. Meaning that the act of enquiry appears when the person is invariably seeking cognition and information by oppugning the infinite. To win, scholars need to exemplify, look into ideas and phenomena in order to accomplish successful analysis of penchants by experimentation. Try to ease one person ‘s perceptual experience about a infinite with another can frequently bit by bit stop up traveling curious ideas of different single towards a typical land. Further more different perceptual experiences can stop up re-portraying, re-situating, and reconstructing the whole first manus experience of the visitant in entirety. In drumhead the pedagogues must seek for cases in which anterior information becomes slippery and debatable, and purpose to bring forth three conditions viz. : clip, devices and conversations that facilitate enquiry to come on successfully. First, interior decorators must look out to polish former cognition, and non force scholars understanding with their ain. Secondly interior decorators must anticipate a long term larning methodological analysis, of which the short-run experience will play an of import portion. Interior designers must remember that larning relies on upon societal association ; treatme nts shape the construction and substance of the thoughts that scholars develop. Prior cognition can be as mere informations but the remainder must arise from seeing, gestating, sing and prosecuting. Learning of things, which are described as information by familiarity, is fundamentally more straightforward than any information of truths. The word familiarity here is described as the cognition by experience of something. Hence we should state that holding known something through experience is independent of any intervention or any cognition gained by description. Hence familiarising with things while seeing and touching them aid in larning and knowing of the truth. â€Å" No description in the literature can to the full convey the character and fundamental law of a learners’ anterior cognition † ( Roschelle 1995, parity. 88 ) . Disagring to this statement in my position the lone disadvantage of cognition by description is that rather a spot of our penetration is left dubious and the cognition remains perplexing until understood decently. This leads to an influenced perceptual experience without really being physically acquainted with the infinite. â€Å"The cardina l rule in the analysis of propositions incorporating descriptions is this: Every proposition which we can understand must be composed entirely of components with which we are acquainted.† ( Russell 2009, ch.5 ) While adverting several guidelines for construing anterior cognition, Jeremy Roschelle said â€Å"be wary of sing anterior cognition as an enemy fortresses that is incorrect, alternate, or theoretical in character, and alternatively see prior cognition as a disorganised aggregation of edifice blocks† ( Roschelle 1995, parity. 88 ) . Agring to this statement in my position prior cognition can be helter-skelter and confounding which is non characterized by practical judgement and logical thinking. Rather it is theoretical in nature that can be inclusive of an already influenced perceptual experience. Therefore doing the user of the infinite derive to a perceptual experience even before an person is confronted with a infinite in reality.In the book â€Å"How Learni ng Works† ( Ambrose, 2010 ) , it is mentioned that in order to construct complex and powerful learning constructions increasingly, an person may stop up hammering connexions between antecedently gained cognition and new information. It is possible that persons may non pull applicable or relevant connexions with the anterior cognition instantly. In this event where they do non pull upon applicable connexions with former information and basically if that information is still concealed or hidden, it may non promote the integrating and combination of new cognition. Ansel Adams comments that, any person should non hold the privilege to pull off what other single ought to see, do or bring forth. To assemble trust in the inventive psyche of an person, every person must be urged to bring out his or her penetrations and feelings. Furthermore, Husserl brings up that the connexion between the object of information and the subjective presentation of cognizing must be explored and clarii ¬?ed in the event that we wish to carry through a more important comprehension of the possibility of cognition. In drumhead no single user should find what the other user must detect. Rather the connexions must be drawn after researching and sing the infinite as it unfolds in its milieus. Next, the thing that involvements different persons is frequently described to them and is merely known to be echt. However it is non valid as they do non hold any familiarity with it and are besides non familiarized with the suggestion themselves. These lines are mentioning towards the cognition by description which is directed towards any phrase â€Å"in the signifier of â€Å"a so and so† or â€Å"the so and so†Ã¢â‚¬  ( Russell 2009, ch.5 ) Harmonizing to author, this signifier of a phrase should be called an equivocal phrase which is does non hold one obvious significance and is unfastened to more than one reading. The dominant factor of cognition by description is that it makes it possible for the user to go through beyond the bounds of their personal experience. In malice of the fact that user can merely cognize truths, which are wholly composed of footings which they have experienced in world, user can yet hold a anterior cognition by description of infinite which is ne'er experienced before. But â€Å"In position of the really narrow scope of our immediate experience, this consequence is critical, and until it is understood, much of our cognition must stay cryptic and hence doubtful.† ( Russell 2009, ch.5 ) In sum-up, for an equivocal or dubious description to turn into a logical description characterized by sound logical thinking, it is necessary for the user of the infinite to edify his or her vision images into spacial experience by traveling in and out of infinites. For repairing a users behavior inside a infinite, spacial elements like shadows, visible radiation, distance and he ight drama a cardinal function. In order to hold an gratifying experience the user must be free of any anterior description that may move an obstructor in the spacial experience of the user. It is believed that there are assorted issues associated with equivocal descriptions. To get down with, it seems that, â€Å"when we make a statement about something merely known by description, we frequently intend to do our statement, non in the signifier affecting the description, but about the existent thing described† ( Russell 2009, ch.5 ) . In these lines the writer is merely seeking conveying up that, someway, it must be imaginable to run into these ailments, but it is invalid to organize a judgement or enchant a guess without groking it mentally and go throughing a judgement full of premises about it. In decision, this essay has references that how forging person else perceptual experience can destroy the first manus experience of the user of the infinite. Facts or sentiments drilled inside the head of the user by some other single can take to perceptual experience can consequence the experience and may non promote and welcome new cognition to come in. Another point the essay has discussed is that anterior cognition can be as mere informations but the remainder must arise from seeing, gestating, sing and prosecuting. Hence, cognition would be extremely good in organizing an apprehension that is better suited and good topographic points in forepart of the user of a infinite through proper logical thinking and logics. It becomes necessary to put definitions for footings such as cognizing perceiving, believing etc. Prior cognition remains dubious until and unless it is characterized by the procedure of human observation and acquisition. Last, it must remember that larning relies on u pon societal association, interaction and experience within a infinite. Discussions shape the construction and substance of the thoughts that a user develops. Appreciating the infinite by fluxing in and out of infinites accelerates and give rise to a perceptual experience that is non formed or shaped by a different individuals perceptual experience. These points have demonstrated that a user of a infinite doesn’t needfully have anterior cognition before sing a infinite.

Comment on how Romeo Essay

Comment on how Romeo and Juliet use language to communicate their feelings about love until Act II, scene ii of the play. ‘Romeo and Juliet’ is the tragic story of two lovers separated by their feuding families. The origins of ‘Romeo and Juliet’ originate before Shakespeare and so the story has been made familiar to audiences and readers of previous generations. Many historians believe he got his inspiration from literature dating back to the sixteenth century such as the poem by Arthur Brooke called ‘The Tragicall Historye Of Romeus and Iuliet’, written in 1562. Shakespeare adapted this story in order for it to appeal to the Elizabethan audience. The male protagonist of the play is Romeo Montague. He is approximately seventeen or eighteen years old. Romeo is a stereotypical adolescent boy, who emotions are fickle and based on lust. He constantly spends time thinking about love and his desire to be in love. He is spurned by the lady he adores Rosaline. Romeo follows the conventions of ‘courtly love’ with diligence. In contrast the female protagonist Juliet Capulet is of a younger age; barely into her teenage years. Juliet is the opposite to Romeo as she is not stereotypical. Juliet does not comprehend or desire marriage, which is unusual of a girl her age. However, it is surprising Juliet breaches the rules of ‘courtly love’ by accepting the proposal of marriage as soon as Romeo enquired Juliet. Juliet also defies the convention by not marrying a man of her father’s choosing. Despite the Capulets and Montagues long standing hatred for each other, fate coincidently brings Romeo and Juliet together. The play ends with tragic consequences as a result from the families hatred. Romeo and Juliet both sacrifice themselves for the power of love. Shakespeare uses numerous dramatic devices and language techniques to explore and convey Romeo and Juliet’s emotions. Act I, scene i takes place after a riot between the Montagues and Capulets. Despite the uproar Romeo decides to take no participation in this argument as he is so infatuated by his desire for Rosaline. Benvolio says â€Å"Good morrow, cousin†. Romeo replies â€Å"Is the day so young† indicating that he is so wrapped up in his own emotions that he is surprised it is still morning. This is typical of courtly love. Benvolio informs Romeo that it has only just struck the hour of nine. â€Å"Aye me! Sad hours seem long† Romeo personifies time to portray the grief he endures. â€Å"Not having that, which, having, makes them short† Romeo indicates that time passes quickly with Rosaline but time drags on without her. Romeo also says; â€Å"Out of favour, where I am in love,† This shows that the feeling is not mutual therefore it can not be true love. Romeo also says; â€Å"Alas, that love, whose view is muffled still, should, without eyes, see pathways to his will! † Romeo implies love is cupid and although he is blindfolded he still makes people fall in love. He believes love is inevitable. Romeo enquires about the dispute but he quickly switches back to talking about love that he yearns for, when he says â€Å"Yet tell me not, for I have heard it all. † Romeo is talking about fighting in general and not he has heard about the fight that has just taken place. He completely does not care about it and he is disloyal to his family. â€Å"Here’s much to do with hate, but more with love. † He believes no matter how much people talk about hate, love is far more interesting as Romeo implies. Romeo’s infatuation with lust is reflected in his over elaborate use of language. â€Å"Well, in that you miss: she’ll not be hit With Cupid’s arrow; she hath Dian’s wit; nd, in string proof of chastity well arm’d, from love’s weak childish bow she lives unharm’d. she will not stay the siege of loving terms,† Romeo here portrays lust that he wants from Rosaline. He describes virginity like a fortress which needs to be conquered . Romeo is also critical of her virginity. Romeo is continuously using paradoxes to describe love. Romeo demonstrates a young man who does not actually feel genuine love as he describes it as love and hate when he says â€Å"O brawling love! O loving hate! † â€Å"O heavy lightness! Serious vanity! Mis-sharpen chaos of well-seeming forms! Feather of lead, bright smoke, cold fire, Sick health! † Conveying emotions of love which Romeo is experiencing, which is in such a mixed up way that it is not enjoyable but painful. Romeo says; â€Å"Tis the way To call hers exquisite, in question more:† Romeo has a fickle nature and he believes that looking at others would only make her more beautiful. Romeo implies that speaking of his lady would make him ‘groan’. Romeo emphasizes the pain he endures by referring love of love to be a sickness and of dying by saying; â€Å"Bid a sick man in sadness make his wil† Romeo ends with â€Å"farewell: thou canst not teach me to forget. † Romeo shows that he can not forget about his love and one can teach him to forget about his love. Juliet Capulet is a young girl living in the town of Verona. Juliet is probably around the age of fourteen or fifteen years of age. Ladies in Verona, by the ages of Juliet were often married and settled down with children. Juliet being the daughter of wealthy Capulet is no exception to this and is expected to marry. Juliet has hardly reached womanhood when she is expected to make a life changing decision Act I scene iii takes place in a room in the Capulets mansion. Lady Capulet breaks the news to Juliet about the idea of marriage. Lady Capulet says, â€Å"Marry, that ‘marry’ is the very theme I came to talk of†. Juliet replies â€Å"it is a n honour that I dream of not† as she is very shocked by the idea as she still thinks she is too young. She is innocent and nai ve. Lady Capulet says to Juliet; â€Å"Here in Verona, ladies of esteem, are made already mothers; by my count† Lady Capulet is suggesting Juliet is being left behind as most ladies are married by now. Lady Capulet also uses persuasive adjectives like â€Å"valiant† to advertise Paris as being perfect and encourage her daughter to marry him. The nurse of Juliet also emphasizes Paris being perfect â€Å"He’s a man of wax† Juliet hardly shows much emotion about married. Juliet says; â€Å"I’ll look to like, if looking liking move: But no more deep will I endart mine eye Than your consent gives me strength to make it fly† Juliet shows here she will happily make the acquaintance of Paris only to please her mother, but Juliet is promising nothing. Juliet is not really bothered about meeting Paris as she does not desire married and partnership. Juliet and Romeo meet each other in the Capulets mansion where a party was taking place. Towards the end of act II, scene ii Romeo and Juliet use extended images of falcony to demonstrate their reluctance to separate until the following morning. Juliet confides in Romeo by using a metaphor; â€Å"O for a falconer’s voice, To lure thus tassel-gentle back again† Juliet wishes to capture Romeo, like a bird, so that she can lure him back to her whenever she wants. Romeo extends the metaphor by referring to Juliet as â€Å"My Niese†. Romeo is implying Juliet as being a hawk, this is important as it reminds the audience of Juliet’s age and her innocence. Juliet is very protective and shows this by using a simile; â€Å"I would have thee gone; And yet no farther than a wanton’s bird; That lets it hop a little from her hand, Like a prisoner in his twisted gives, And with a silken thread plucks it back again, So loving-jealous of his liberty† Juliet desires to imprison Romeo like a bird. Juliet uses a oxymoron to highlight her contrasting feelings; half of her wants to set Romeo free as if he remains he will get into danger but Juliet is selfish and wants Romeo to stay for her own benefit. Romeo and Juliet uses extended images of sea voyages and adventure to communicate their love for each other. Romeo uses a metaphor to show Juliet how much he loves her and how important she is to him. â€Å"As that vast shore wash’d with the farthest sea, I would adventure for such merchandise. † Romeo relates to Juliet being merchandise, which he is prepared to travel the furthest sea to gain such a priceless treasure. Juliet uses an extended simile later on in the play to re-emphasize Romeo’s feelings. â€Å"My bounty is as boundless as the sea, My love as deep, the more I give to thee. † Juliet’s love is as endless like the sea. Both Juliet and Romeo worship each other and are prepared to do anything, just to get what they want. Juliet also has ‘bounty’, the willingness to give her love to Romeo. Romeo and Juliet use extended images of angels and heaven to express how heavenly their love and desire is for one another. Romeo expresses his feelings about Juliet in his soliloquy at the beginning of the scene; â€Å"Her eyes in heaven Would through the airy region stream so bright That birds would sing and think it were not night. † Romeo is saying that Juliet has the power over nature, she is as bright as the sun, her beauty is so extreme she can make the birds sing. Romeo extends the idea of cosmic image; â€Å"O speak again, bright angel† Romeo refers as Juliet being an angel as there is nothing more perfect as angels , more beautiful than any mortal could wish to be. Juliet impresses Romeo so much that he can not believe she is human. â€Å"For thou art As glorious to this night, being o’er my head, As is a winger messenger of heaven† Romeo expresses Juliet to have angel-like qualities, she is immortal, a perfect goddess. Romeo uses sibilance and a simile to make Juliet’s voice sound like beautiful music to one’s ears; â€Å"Like softest music to attending ears! † In the beginning Romeo is represented as a typical young man. His language is completed with drama and emotions. Juliet is opposite, her language is straightforward and shows her disinterest in marriage and love. Juliet experiences the most dramatic change in the play after meeting and falling in love with Romeo in act II, scene ii. Juliet displays a newly sexually awaken young woman. Her language is altered to display a likeness of Romeo’s language which is constantly uses hyperboles and imagery to portray her intense emotions. Romeo is less of a dramatic change as he still remains a passionate young man. His feelings are more genuine love rather than lust. Romeo’s feelings are intensified by reciprocate love. Romeo also uses imagery to show intense feelings and the endeavour to commit to Juliet. Throughout the play Shakespeare uses numerous language techniques to convey emotions and to show true passion between two teenagers. The play demonstrates to what extent people are prepared to do for the power of love. Tragic consequences at the end of the play lead to sad emotions which heightens the audience. ‘Romeo and Juliet’, a tragic story that teaches people the true meaning of love.

The expectations of English colonists in Chesapeake and New England Essay

The expectations of English colonists in Chesapeake and New England - Essay Example Immediately after entering in 1607 the muddy outposts the English colonists referred to as Jamestown, Smith observed the inappropriateness of the orders given by the pioneers of the colony with the pressures of survival and endurance on the Anglo-American border. The Native American lands which the British colonists inhabited had corn, while the settlers gave in quickly to diseases as the quantity of their foods declined. Smith eventually initiated a strategy of threats and forced trade. In a matter of weeks Smith had forced from the chiefdom of Powhatan large quantities of corn. As Smith paraded all over the Chesapeake, he became a vicious onlooker of the Algonquian tribes he wanted to conquer. Already fascinated in the richness of human cultures, prior to his entrance to Virginia he had stumbled upon a diversity of peoples in the Middle East, Africa, and Europe. The biographers of Smith claim that his encounters with different human cultures put him in a good position to understand Indian culture and the native people than any other of his contemporaries. Hence, this essay will use the perspective of Captain John Smith to discuss the initial expectations of the English colonists with Chesapeake and New England and how they lived among the Native American Indians.... The forcefulness of the English border population devastated as well as the agenda of George Thorpe to acculturate and civilize the Powhatan Indians into a Christian and English New World realm. The demands of the border population generated the 1622 Indian rebellion, which hampered the development of the colony, sped up the collapse of the Virginia Company of London, and compelled elites to reject any idea of humanitarian Indian strategy. In defending the missionary attempts, the pioneers of the company dealt with the issue of the right of Englishmen to Indian lands. Some English scholars compared the Native American Indians to wild beasts who do not know private ownership. A report of the Virginia Company claimed that it is not illegal or immoral to take over the land of the Indians and inhabit them because there is no other reasonable alternative to discuss this matter with the natives but through coercion. The Virginia Company never reached, nor did it try, an ultimate resolution to the issue of aboriginal title. Only invasion, the pioneers argued, could not rationalize occupation of the Indian soil. Rather, the Company was predisposed to consider English occupation as an ‘irreversible deed’ and to defend its continuance on the basis that the Indians would give in to Christianity and dealt with compassionately. The process of conversion could, and ought to be, diplomatic. While the Spaniards invaded the West Indies with bloodshed and brutality, the English would employ humane and benevolent means, appropriate to the natural character of the English. An expectation that the Indians would willingly dispose of their own cultural